Customized glyphs in MITT fonts 0.82

Customized untypical characters in MITT fonts, whose version number is precisely 0.82.

453 customized glyphs, including:

--- 218 modified letters of latin script (mostly for the needs of romanized hebrew, arabic, koiné greek and russian)

- 186 modified letters for the needs of romanized hebrew

- 34 modified letters for the needs of romanized arabic

- 4 modified letters for the needs of romanized koiné greek

--- 21 modified letters of greek script (mostly for indicating a grammatical scenario more precisely)

--- 57 modified letters of cyrillic script (mostly for indicating a pronunciation or grammatical scenario more precisely)

--- 59 modified characters of hebrew script

--- 46 modified characters of arabic script

--- 57 modified left-to-right punctuation, superscript etc. characters (mostly for the needs of romanized he, ar, gc and ru)

Untypical letter designs in hebrew and arabic scripts are not listed in this document (yet). Nearly all consonants are at their expected Unicode code points. Version 0.82 of the MITT font is at a proof-of-concept sketching stage, and does not handle in a serious manner the vowels and other diacritical marks of hebrew and arabic scripts: rather than using anchors to specify the precise location of a diacritical mark in relation to each consonant, this version of the MITT font uses different Unicode code points for different positionings of the diacritical marks.

The customized characters are mapped on glyphs that should have some different character in the Unicode standard. This is against the philosophy of the Unicode standard, but it provides an advantage that can be considered crucially important: if the text is displayed with a typical font, which is not customized according to these principles, the user will see approximately correct characters anyway, and the text is still readable, although not very stylish esthetically. If the customized characters were mapped in the private use area of the Unicode standard, such helpful "fallback characters" would not be shown if the font is not correct, and the text would be unreadable. Making any changes in the letters of widely spoken languages has been generally avoided, but vietnamese is a notable example: its extensive selection of vowels with rare diacritics has been recycled into new purposes.

There is an unusual technical reason for the customized widths of U2009 THIN SPACE and U200A HAIR SPACE. Tests with various fonts showed that U200B ZERO WIDTH SPACE often disappears from the text in Microsoft Word, during copy + paste operations. (Another finding was that U2005 FOUR-PER-EM SPACE often gets converted into an ordinary space.) Therefore the visual role of ZERO WIDTH SPACE was assigned to the next narrowest space, U200A HAIR SPACE, and the visual role of this character was assigned to the next narrowest space, U2009 THIN SPACE. The recommended substitute for U2005 FOUR-PER-EM SPACE is U2008 PUNCTUATION SPACE, which was processed faultlessly by Microsoft Word in the tests.

TABLE OF CONTENTS:

1.1) 311 LATIN / GREEK / CYRILLIC / LTR PUNCTUATION glyphs that are essentially different from the form that is intended in the Unicode standard.

1.2) 52 LATIN / GREEK / CYRILLIC / LTR PUNCTUATION glyphs (or scenarios) with minor differences to the traditional design.

1.3) 59 HEBREW glyphs that have noteworthy differences from their typical forms.

1.4) 46 ARABIC glyphs that have noteworthy differences from their typical forms.

1.1) 311 LATIN / GREEK / CYRILLIC / LTR PUNCTUATION glyphs that are essentially different from the form that is intended in the Unicode standard:

U0123 ģ LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH CEDILLA. Normally "g" with 180 degrees rotated comma above. => Letter "g" with horn in right top corner. In sans-serif fonts the horn can be vertical or bend to the right (instead of left). In romanized hebrew represents softer pronunciation of lowercase gīmẹl after a vowel, since approximately 0 CE (+/- 300 years) until the middle ages (not a customary pronunciation in most dialects of modern hebrew).

U0174 Ŵ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W WITH CIRCUMFLEX. Normally "W" with circumflex above. => "W" with a slightly wider than usual macron above. In romanized hebrew and arabic represents uppercase double Wāw.

U0175 ŵ LATIN SMALL LETTER W WITH CIRCUMFLEX. Normally "w" with circumflex above. => Letter "w" with a slightly wider than usual macron above. In romanized hebrew and arabic represents lowercase double wāw.

U0179 Ź LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH ACUTE. Normally "Z" with acute above. => Letter "Z" with a more vertical acute above than usual (tonos). In romanized hebrew represents uppercase Źạdeh.

U017A ź LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH ACUTE. Normally "z" with acute above. => Letter "z" with a more vertical acute above than usual (tonos). In romanized hebrew represents lowercase źạdeh.

U0185 ƅ LATIN SMALL LETTER TONE SIX. Normally looks like "b" (possibly with a larger loop, which leaves the vertical antenna shorter). => Letter "O" with tilde below. In romanized arabic represents uppercase Hamzaɦ riding a Wāw + short (foreign) "O" vowel.

U0186 Ɔ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER OPEN O. Normally looks like horizontally reversed "C". => Letter "Ɔ" (open O) with dot bove. In romanized hebrew represents uppercase Round Šwā, which is pronounced as rapid "O" instead of rapid "E" in some dialects or historical eras.

U018C ƌ LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH TOPBAR. Normally "d" with horizontal bar at the top. => The top bar is half narrower than usual. In serif fonts the vertical bar preferably bends to the left, without a sharp angle in the right top corner. In romanized hebrew represents softer pronunciation of lowercase dạlet after a vowel, since approximately 0 CE (+/- 300 years) until the middle ages (not a customary pronunciation in most dialects of modern hebrew).

U018D ƍ LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED DELTA. Normally "ẟ" (latin letter delta) rotated 180 degrees. => Letter "ʕ" with dot above (left of center) and acute above (right of center). In romanized hebrew represents uppercase full Ġāĭn + vowelless Ạlef.

U019C Ɯ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TURNED M. Normally lowercase "m" in uppercase size, rotated by 180 degrees. => Letter "W" with tilde above. In romanized hebrew and yiddish represents silent wạw.

U019F Ɵ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH MIDDLE TILDE. Normally "O" with a horizontal line at the middle. => Letter "O" with a horizontal line at the middle and dot above. In romanized hebrew represents uppercase neutral Shwa.

U01A0 Ơ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH HORN. Normally "O" with horn in top right corner. => Letter "Ỏ" (with the hook right of center) and grave above (left of center). In romanized hebrew represents uppercase Ắyin + notable O.

U01A1 ơ LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH HORN. Normally "o" with horn in top right corner. => Letter "ỏ" (with the hook right of center) and grave above (left of center). In romanized hebrew represents lowercase ắyin + notable O.

U01AA ƪ LATIN LETTER REVERSED ESH LOOP. Normally a tall vertical pillar, with a small loop at the top towards the left side of the pillar, and the bottom end bending to the right. => Letter "I" with horizontally reversed comma above, which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise. In romanized hebrew represents uppercase Ắyin in a word root, which originally included ancient logical grammatical consonant Ġāĭn instead of Ắyin (until ca. 200 BCE) + basic "I" vowel.

U01AF Ư LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH HORN. Normally "U" with horn in top right corner. => Oval "O" with tail on the text base line, with circumflex below. In romanized hebrew represents uppercase vowel "A", which should be vowel "E" in traditional grammar, but the vowel has been changed to disambiguate between masculine 2nd person and feminine 3rd person in some verb forms (a secondary variant that combines the shapes of letters "a" and "o", as the ashkenazi pronunciation for this vowel is "o").

U01B0 ư LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH HORN. Normally "u" with horn in top right corner. => Oval "o" with tail on the text base line, with circumflex below. In romanized hebrew represents lowercase vowel "a", which should be vowel "e" in traditional grammar, but the vowel has been changed to disambiguate between masculine 2nd person and feminine 3rd person in some verb forms (a secondary variant that combines the shapes of letters "a" and "o", as the ashkenazi pronunciation for this vowel is "o").

U01B9 ƹ LATIN SMALL LETTER EZH REVERSED. Normally looks like horizontally reversed number 3, positioned lower than usual. => Letter "E" with circumflex below and a horizontally reversed comma above, which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise. In romanized hebrew represents uppercase Ắyin in a word root, which originally included ancient logical grammatical consonant Ġāĭn instead of Ắyin (until ca. 200 BCE) + rapid E vowel.

U01BA ƺ LATIN SMALL LETTER EZH WITH TAIL. Normally looks like number 3 positioned lower than usual, with the end of line at bottom left corner bending down and then right. => Letter "Ə" with dot above. In romanized hebrew represents uppercase Shwa in place of A (an ortographical change to disambiguate between masculine 2nd person and feminine 3rd person in some verb forms).

U01BB ƻ LATIN LETTER TWO WITH STROKE. Normally looks like number 2 with a horizontal bar at the middle. => Letter "ʕ" with dot above. In romanized hebrew represents uppercase full Ġāĭn.

U01BC Ƽ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TONE FIVE. Normally looks like number 5, whose horizontal top bar continues a bit left of the vertical line. => Slightly narrower than usual uppercase "S", which merges into the horizontal bar of "T". In romanized hebrew represents uppercase Tạw, softer pronunciation after a vowel, since approximately 0 CE +/- 300 years (a secondary variant that combines the shapes of letters T and S, as the ashkenazi pronunciation for this consonant is "s").

U01BD ƽ LATIN SMALL LETTER TONE FIVE. Normally looks like small number 5, whose horizontal top bar continues a bit left of the vertical line. => Horizontally inverted "t", with a hook on top. In romanized hebrew represents lowercase tạw, softer pronunciation after a vowel, since approximately 0 CE +/- 300 years (a secondary variant that combines the shapes of letters "t" and "s", as the ashkenazi pronunciation for this consonant is "s").

U01BF ƿ LATIN LETTER WYNN. Normally looks like "p", whose wider part has the shape of a waterdrop upside down, whose bottom edge joins the vertical pillar at a lower than usual point. => Letter "f", which is located lower than usual (on the same level as letter "p"), and the curved line on top reaches further right than usual and bends heavily downwards, so that its tip nearly touches the end of the horizontal bar. In romanized hebrew represents lowercase pē after a vowel in a word from Tanakh era (most notably in a proper noun), whose post-Tanakh era softening might be deemed historically incorrect.

U01DE Ǟ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS AND MACRON. Normally "A" with umlaut (horizontal pair of two dots) above, and macron above the umlaut. => Letter "A" with wave above (which is: acute accent, and on its right side a horizontally reversed comma, which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise: the acute accent and reversed comma are merged into one shape, which resembles a wave or circumflex). In romanized hebrew represents uppercase Ắyin in a word root, which originally included ancient logical grammatical consonant Ġāĭn instead of Ắyin (until ca. 200 BCE) + long "A" vowel + vowelless Ạlef.

U01DF ǟ LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS AND MACRON. Normally "a" with umlaut above, and macron above the umlaut. => Letter "a" with wave above (which is: acute accent, and on its right side a horizontally reversed comma, which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise: the acute accent and reversed comma are merged into one shape, which resembles a wave or circumflex). In romanized hebrew represents lowercase ắyin in a word root, which originally included ancient logical grammatical consonant ġāĭn instead of ắyin (until ca. 200 BCE) + long "a" vowel + vowelless ạlef.

U01E0 Ǡ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DOT ABOVE AND MACRON. Normally "A" with dot above, and macron above the dot. => Letter "A" with circumflex below. In romanized hebrew represents uppercase vowel "A", which should be vowel "E" in traditional grammar, but the vowel has been changed to disambiguate between masculine 2nd person and feminine 3rd person in some verb forms.

U01E1 ǡ LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DOT ABOVE AND MACRON. Normally "a" with dot above, and macron above the dot. => Letter "a" circumflex below. In romanized hebrew represents lowercase vowel "a", which should be vowel "e" in traditional grammar, but the vowel has been changed to disambiguate between masculine 2nd person and feminine 3rd person in some verb forms.

U01E2 Ǣ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AE WITH MACRON. Normally Æ with macron above. => Letter "A" with a horizontally reversed comma above (left of center), which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise, and inverted breve above (right of center): the reversed comma and inverted breve are merged into one shape. In romanized hebrew represents uppercase Ắyin in a word root, which originally included ancient logical grammatical consonant Ġāĭn instead of Ắyin (until ca. 200 BCE) + straight AY (long "A" vowel + silent Yōd).

U01E3 ǣ LATIN SMALL LETTER AE WITH MACRON. Normally æ with macron above. => Letter "a" with a horizontally reversed comma above (left of center), which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise, and inverted breve above (right of center): the reversed comma and inverted breve are merged into one shape. In romanized hebrew represents lowercase ắyin in a word root, which originally included ancient logical grammatical consonant ġāĭn instead of ắyin (until ca. 200 BCE) + straight AY (long "a" vowel + silent yōd).

U01E4 Ǥ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH STROKE. Normally "G" with a short horizontal bar in the only straight vertical line. => Letter "G" with dot above (left of center) and acute above (right of center). In romanized hebrew represents uppercase foreign Ġāĭn + vowelless Ạlef.

U01E5 ǥ LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH STROKE. Normally "g" with a horizontal bar across the lower loop. => Letter "g" with dot above (left of center) and acute above (right of center). In romanized hebrew represents lowercase foreign ġāĭn + vowelless ạlef.

U01EC Ǭ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH OGONEK AND MACRON. Normally looks like "O" with macron above, and ogonek (or a reversed hook pointing to the right) below. => Oval "O" with tail on the text base line, with sickle above (which is: grave above left of center, and inverted breve above right of center, so that the grave and inverted breve are merged into one shape, which resembles a sickle). In romanized hebrew represents uppercase Ắyin + straight AY (long "A" vowel + silent Yōd) -- a secondary variant that combines the shapes of letters "a" and "o", as the ashkenazi pronunciation for this vowel is "o".

U01ED ǭ LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH OGONEK AND MACRON. Normally looks like "o" with macron above, and ogonek (or a reversed hook pointing to the right) below. => Oval "o" with tail on the text base line, with sickle above (which is: grave above left of center, and inverted breve above right of center, so that the grave and inverted breve are merged into one shape, which resembles a sickle). In romanized hebrew represents lowercase ắyin + straight AY (long "a" vowel + silent yōd) -- a secondary variant that combines the shapes of letters "a" and "o", as the ashkenazi pronunciation for this vowel is "o".

U01F6 Ƕ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER HWAIR. Normally "H" with a tail that rises vertically to the middle level of the letter. => "H" that is located much lower than normally, with the top edge on the level of the top egde of lowercase "u". For presenting the primary variant of romanized hebrew uppercase letter Ḩet in the book "Avi" by Ittamar Ben-Avi (1927).

U01F7 Ƿ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER WYNN. Normally looks like large lowercase "p", whose wider part has the shape of a waterdrop upside down, whose bottom edge joins the vertical pillar at a lower than usual point. => Letter "F", whose upper horizontal bar bends heavily downwards at its right end, so that its tip nearly touches the end of the lower horizontal bar. In romanized hebrew represents uppercase Pē after a vowel in a word from Tanakh era (most notably in a proper noun), whose post-Tanakh era softening might be deemed historically incorrect.

U01FA Ǻ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE AND ACUTE. Normally "A" with ring above, and acute above (or on the right side of) the ring. => Letter "A" with dot above (right of center), and horizontally reversed comma above (left of center), which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise. In romanized hebrew represents uppercase Ắyin in a word root, which originally included ancient logical grammatical consonant Ġāĭn instead of Ắyin (until ca. 200 BCE) + rapid "A" vowel.

U01FB ǻ LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE AND ACUTE. Normally "a" with ring above, and acute above (or on the right side of) the ring. => Letter "a" with dot above (right of center), and horizontally reversed comma above (left of center), which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise. In romanized hebrew represents lowercase ắyin in a word root, which originally included ancient logical grammatical consonant ġāĭn instead of ắyin (until ca. 200 BCE) + rapid "a" vowel.

U01FC Ǽ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AE WITH ACUTE. Normally Æ with acute above. => Oval "O" with tail on the text base line, with breve above. In romanized hebrew represents uppercase double Yōd + long "A" vowel (a secondary variant that combines the shapes of letters "a" and "o", as the ashkenazi pronunciation for this vowel is "o"). The primary character for this ashkenazi pronunciation has a dot below, which indicates that the vowel is long.

U01FD ǽ LATIN SMALL LETTER AE WITH ACUTE. Normally æ with acute above. => Oval "o" with tail on the text base line, with breve above. In romanized hebrew represents lowercase double yōd + long "a" vowel (a secondary variant that combines the shapes of letters "a" and "o", as the ashkenazi pronunciation for this vowel is "o"). The primary character for this ashkenazi pronunciation has a dot below, which indicates that the vowel is long.

U01FE Ǿ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH STROKE AND ACUTE. Normally "Ø" with acute above. => Letter "O" with horizontally reversed comma above, which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise, and dot below. In romanized hebrew represents uppercase Ắyin in a word root, which originally included ancient logical grammatical consonant Ġāĭn instead of Ắyin (until ca. 200 BCE) + weak "O" vowel.

U01FF ǿ LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH STROKE AND ACUTE. Normally "ø" with acute above. => Letter "o" with horizontally reversed comma above, which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise, and dot below. In romanized hebrew represents lowercase ắyin in a word root, which originally included ancient logical grammatical consonant ġāĭn instead of ắyin (until ca. 200 BCE) + weak "o" vowel.

U020E Ȏ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH INVERTED BREVE. Normally "O" with inverted breve above. Letter "Ǫ" ("O" with ogonek) with horizontally reversed hook above (left of center) and dot above (right of center). In romanized hebrew represents uppercase Ắyin + notable rapid O.

U020F ȏ LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH INVERTED BREVE. Normally "o" with inverted breve above. Letter "ǫ" ("o" with ogonek) with horizontally reversed hook above (left of center) and dot above (right of center). In romanized hebrew represents lowercase ắyin + notable rapid O.

U0220 Ƞ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH LONG RIGHT LEG. Normally looks like lowercase "n" in the size of a capital letter, with the right leg descending below the base line of text. => Ligature of normal-width "N" and 30 % - 50 % width "E", with macron above. In romanized koiné greek represents greek N misspelled as Ē, in the biblical name NAUĒ => NAUȠ (should be: NAUN or NOUN).

U0222 Ȣ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER OU. Normally looks like "o" with two horns, with the height of an uppercase letter. => Letter "ʕ" with macron above. In romanized arabic represents uppercase vowelless ắyn + neutral ạlif.

U022A Ȫ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS AND MACRON. Normally "Ö" with macron above the umlaut. => Oval "O" with tail on the text base line, with macron above. In romanized hebrew represents full "A" (a secondary variant that combines the shapes of letters "a" and "o", as the ashkenazi pronunciation for this vowel is "o").

U022B ȫ LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS AND MACRON. Normally "ö" with macron above the umlaut. => Oval "o" with tail on the text base line, with macron above. In romanized hebrew represents full "a" (a secondary variant that combines the shapes of letters "a" and "o", as the ashkenazi pronunciation for this vowel is "o").

U022C Ȭ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH TILDE AND MACRON. Normally "O" with tilde above, and macron above the tilde. => Oval "O" with tail on the text base line, and horizontally reversed hook above. In romanized hebrew can represent uppercase Ắyin + long "A" vowel (a variant that combines the shapes of letters "a" and "o", as the ashkenazi pronunciation for this vowel is "o"). The primary character for this ashkenazi pronunciation has a dot below, which indicates that the vowel is long.

U022D ȭ LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH TILDE AND MACRON. Normally "o" with tilde above, and macron above the tilde. => Oval "o" with tail on the text base line, and horizontally reversed hook above. In romanized hebrew can represent lowercase ắyin + long "a" vowel (a variant that combines the shapes of letters "a" and "o", as the ashkenazi pronunciation for this vowel is "o"). The primary character for this ashkenazi pronunciation has a dot below, which indicates that the vowel is long.

U0230 Ȱ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DOT ABOVE AND MACRON. Normally looks like "O" with dot above, and macron above the dot. => Oval "O" with tail on the text base line, with a horizontally reversed comma above (left of center), which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise, and inverted breve above (right of center): the reversed comma and inverted breve are merged into one shape. In romanized hebrew represents uppercase Ắyin in a word root, which originally included ancient logical grammatical consonant Ġāĭn instead of Ắyin (until ca. 200 BCE) + straight AY (long "A" vowel + silent Yōd) -- a secondary variant that combines the shapes of letters "a" and "o", as the ashkenazi pronunciation for this vowel is "o".

U0231 ȱ LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DOT ABOVE AND MACRON. Normally looks like "o" with dot above, and macron above the dot. => Oval "o" with tail on the text base line, with a horizontally reversed comma above (left of center), which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise, and inverted breve above (right of center): the reversed comma and inverted breve are merged into one shape. In romanized hebrew represents lowercase ắyin in a word root, which originally included ancient logical grammatical consonant ġāĭn instead of ắyin (until ca. 200 BCE) + straight AY (long "a" vowel + silent yōd) -- a secondary variant that combines the shapes of letters "a" and "o", as the ashkenazi pronunciation for this vowel is "o".

U0234 ȴ LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH CURL. Normally "l" whose vertical shaft continues below the text baseline, and forms a small loop there counter-clockwise, on the right side of the vertical shaft. => Letter "I" with double acute above. In romanized hebrew represents uppercase notable solemn I.

U0235 ȵ LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH CURL. Normally looks like "n" with the right leg extending downwards and bending right, so that a small loop is formed at the bottom end. => Ligature of normal-width "n" and 30 % - 50 % width "ᴇ" (small capital E), with macron above. In romanized koiné greek represents greek "n" misspelled as "ē", in the biblical name Nauē => Nauᵰ (should be: Naun or Noun without grammatical iota).

U023A Ⱥ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH STROKE. Normally "A" with a diagonal line from left bottom corner to right top corner. => Similar shape as lowercase "a", in uppercase size, with dot above. In romanized hebrew represents uppercase Low Šwā, which is pronounced as rapid "A" instead of rapid "E" in some words (e.g. ĭṡrėẹlī => # ĭṡrʌẹlī) or in some historical eras.

U023B Ȼ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH STROKE. Normally "C" with a line from left bottom corner to right top corner. => Letter "Ə" upside down, with dot above and breve below. In romanized hebrew represents uppercase Shwa in place of basic O (an ortographical change to disambiguate between masculine 2nd person and feminine 3rd person in some verb forms).

U023C ȼ LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH STROKE. Normally "c" with a line from left bottom corner to right top corner. => Letter "ɘ" with dot above and breve below. In romanized hebrew represents lowercase shwa in place of basic "o" (an ortographical change to disambiguate between masculine 2nd person and feminine 3rd person in some verb forms).

U0245 Ʌ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TURNED V. Normally V upside down. => Letter "Ą" with dot below. In romanized hebrew represents uppercase notable long "A".

U0246 Ɇ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH STROKE. Normally "E" with a diagonal line across the letter, from bottom left to top right corner. => Letter "ʕ" with acute above. In romanized hebrew represents uppercase full Ắyin + vowelless Ạlef.

U0247 ɇ LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH STROKE. Normally "e" with a diagonal line across the letter, from bottom left to top right corner. => Letter "ʕ" with acute above, in the size of lowercase letters. In romanized hebrew represents lowercase full ắyin + vowelless ạlef.

U0248 Ɉ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J WITH STROKE. Normally "J" with horizontal line at the middle. => Letter "I" with wave above (which is: acute accent, and on its right side a horizontally reversed comma, which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise: the acute accent and reversed comma are merged into one shape, which resembles a wave or circumflex). In romanized hebrew represents uppercase Ắyin in a word root, which originally included ancient consonant Ġāĭn instead of Ắyin (until ca. 200 BCE) + basic "I" vowel + vowelless Yōd.

U0249 ɉ LATIN SMALL LETTER J WITH STROKE. Normally "j" with a horizontal bar at the middle. => Dotless "i" with horizontally reversed comma above (left of center), which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise, and hook above (right of center). In romanized hebrew represents lowercase ắyin in a word root, which originally included ancient logical grammatical consonant ġāĭn instead of ắyin (until ca. 200 BCE) + notable "i" vowel.

U024A Ɋ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER SMALL Q WITH HOOK TAIL. Normally lowercase "q" in capital letter size, with the tail bending to the right. => Letter "Q" with macron above. In romanized hebrew represents uppercase foreign "K", secondary variant.

U024B ɋ LATIN SMALL LETTER Q WITH HOOK TAIL. Normally "q" with the tail bending to the right. => Letter "q" with macron above. In romanized hebrew represents lowercase foreign "k", secondary variant.

U0252 ɒ LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED ALPHA. Normally looks like lowercase letter a in the style that is very similar to lowercase greek letter alpha, rotated 180 degrees. => Oval "o" with tail on the text base line. In romanized hebrew can represent long "a" vowel (a variant that combines the shapes of letters "a" and "o", as the ashkenazi pronunciation for this vowel is "o"). The primary character for this ashkenazi pronunciation has a dot below, which indicates that the vowel is long.

U0254 ɔ LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O. Normally looks like horizontally reversed "c". => Letter "ɔ" (open o) with dot above. In romanized hebrew represents lowercase round šwā, which is pronounced as rapid "o" instead of rapid "e" in some dialects or historical eras.

U0258 ɘ LATIN SMALL LETTER REVERSED E. Normally "e" reversed horizontally. => Letter "ɘ" with dot above. In romanized hebrew represents lowercase shwa in place of strong "e" (an ortographical change to disambiguate between masculine 2nd person and feminine 3rd person in some verb forms).

U025A ɚ LATIN SMALL LETTER SCHWA WITH HOOK. Normally looks like "ə" (schwa, or "e" rotated 180 degrees) without a sharp corner in the loop, and with the horizontal line extending further right and bending downwards. => Letter "ʕ" with dot above, in the size of lowercase letters. In romanized hebrew represents lowercase full ġāĭn.

U025C ɜ LATIN SMALL LETTER REVERSED OPEN E. Normally looks like horizontally reversed "ε" (greek lowercase epsilon). => Similar to the cyrillic letter "э". In romanized arabic represents lowercase hamzaɦ riding a wāw, as the vowelless last letter of word.

U025D ɝ LATIN SMALL LETTER REVERSED OPEN E WITH HOOK. Normally looks like "ε" (open e) reversed horizontally, with a hook on the right side at the center of letter. => Letter "ə" with dot above. In romanized hebrew represents lowercase shwa in place of "a" (an ortographical change to disambiguate between masculine 2nd person and feminine 3rd person in some verb forms).

U025E ɞ LATIN SMALL LETTER CLOSED REVERSED OPEN E. Normally looks like a heart shape with a rounded tip at the bottom, rotated 90 degreed clockwise. => Letter "ə" with dot above and breve below. In romanized hebrew represents lowercase shwa in place of weak "o" (an ortographical change to disambiguate between masculine 2nd person and feminine 3rd person in some verb forms).

U025F ɟ LATIN SMALL LETTER DOTLESS J WITH STROKE. Normally "j" without the dot above, with horizontal line quite near the top. => Dotless "i" with wave above (which is: acute accent, and on its right side a horizontally reversed comma, which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise: the acute accent and reversed comma are merged into one shape, which resembles a wave or circumflex). In romanized hebrew represents lowercase ắyin in a word root, which originally included ancient consonant ġāĭn instead of ắyin (until ca. 200 BCE) + basic "i" vowel + vowelless yōd.

U026B ɫ LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH MIDDLE TILDE. Normally "l" (lowercase L) with tilde at the middle. => Letter "I" with grave above (left of center), and hook above (right of center). In romanized hebrew represents uppercase Ắyin + notable I vowel.

U026F ɯ LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED M. Normally "m" rotated by 180 degrees. => Letter "w" with tilde above. In romanized hebrew and yiddish represents silent wạw.

U0275 ɵ LATIN SMALL LETTER BARRED O. Normally "o" with a horizontal line at the middle. => Letter "o" with a horizontal line at the middle and dot above. In romanized hebrew represents lowercase neutral shwa.

U0277 ɷ LATIN SMALL LETTER CLOSED OMEGA. Normally looks like a heart shape with rounded bottom edge, rotated 180 degrees. => Oval "ỏ" ("o" with hook above) with tail on the text base line. In romanized hebrew represents lowercase shortened A (a secondary variant that combines the shapes of letters A and O, as the ashkenazi pronunciation for this vowel is "o").

U0278 ɸ LATIN SMALL LETTER PHI. Normally "o" with a long vertical line crossing it at the center. => Letter "Ỏ" (with the hook right of center) and horizontally reversed comma above (left of center), which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise. In romanized hebrew represents uppercase Ắyin in a word root, which originally included ancient logical grammatical consonant Ġāĭn instead of Ắyin (until ca. 200 BCE) + notable O.

U0288 ʈ LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH RETROFLEX HOOK. Normally "t" that is taller than usual, so that the tail descends as much below the text baseline as in lowercase "j". => Letter "t" whose horizontal bar is diagonal, so that the left end of the bar is lower than usual. In romanized hebrew represents tạw in a weak position (after a vowel).

U028C ʌ LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED V. Normally "v" upside down. => Letter "a" without a line at the bottom edge (a bit similar to "ɦ" reversed horizontally and with the height of letter "a"), with dot above. In romanized hebrew represents lowercase low šwā, which is pronounced as rapid "a" instead of rapid "e" in some words (e.g. ĭṡrėẹlī => # ĭṡrʌẹlī) or in some historical eras.

U0296 ʖ LATIN LETTER INVERTED GLOTTAL STOP. Normally looks like "c" reversed horizontally, which is narrower than usual, with the line turning sharply upwards at the left top corner. => Letter "Ɂ" with macron above. In romanized arabic represents uppercase hamzaɦ on line + neutral ạlif.

U0298 ʘ LATIN LETTER BILABIAL CLICK. Normally "O" with dot in the middle. => Letter "Ǫ" ("O" with ogonek) with dot above. In romanized hebrew represents uppercase notable rapid O.

U029A ʚ LATIN SMALL LETTER CLOSED OPEN E. Normally looks like a heart shape with rounded bottom edge, rotated 90 degrees anti-clockwise. => Letter "o" with tilde below. In romanized arabic represents lowercase hamzaɦ riding a wāw + short (foreign) "o" vowel.

U029D ʝ LATIN SMALL LETTER J WITH CROSSED-TAIL. Normally "j" with a small loop at the curved bottom end. => Dotless "i" with horizontally reversed comma above, which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise. In romanized hebrew represents lowercase ắyin in a word root, which originally included ancient logical grammatical consonant ġāĭn instead of ắyin (until ca. 200 BCE) + basic "i" vowel.

U02A2 ʢ LATIN LETTER REVERSED GLOTTAL STOP WITH STROKE. Normally looks like a horizontally reversed question mark, without the dot below, and with a horizontal line that crosses the vertical pillar. => Looks like superscript "c", whose top is at the same level with the top of lowercase letters, and the line turns sharply downwards at the right bottom corner, until it reaches the basic text line. In romanized arabic represents lowercase vowelless ắyin / ắyn.

U02C1 ˁ MODIFIER LETTER REVERSED GLOTTAL STOP. Normally looks like superscript ʕ (pharyngeal voiced fricative). => Similar to ᶜ (superscript "c"), positioned lower than usual, so that 1/3 of this character is above the top edge of lowercase "e". In romanized hebrew and arabic represents lowercase ắyin / ắyn as a glottal stop after a consonant.

U0314 ̔ COMBINING REVERSED COMMA ABOVE. Normally a horizontally reversed comma above letter. => Combining dot above capital letter: located high enough to ensure that this combining character will be visible above uppercase letters.

U034C ~ COMBINING ALMOST EQUAL TO ABOVE. Normally looks like superscript two tildes on top of each other. => Cyrillic breve (a diacritical mark, a combining character).

U0350 > COMBINING RIGHT ARROWHEAD ABOVE. Normally combining superscript ">" above letter. => Grave accent, which is positioned high enough to be above capital letters (while the ordinary grave accent is usually positioned at a convenient height for lowercase letters, but too low for uppercase letters).

U035B * COMBINING ZIGZAG ABOVE. Normally a combining lightning symbol above letter. => Combining asterisk above letter. In romanized semitic languages can be used for indicating that the latter of two same consonants should be printed as another separate consonant also in the native script (instead of adding a doubling marker to the consonant).

U0363 ᵃ COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER A. Normally combining superscript "a" above letter. => Horizontally reversed comma above letter (left of center), which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise, and grave above letter (right of center), which is more vertical than usual (horizontally reversed tonos). An accent mark, a combining character.

U0364 ᵉ COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER E. Normally combining superscript "e" above letter. => Horizontally reversed comma above letter, which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise (accent mark, a combining character).

U0367 ᵘ COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER U. Normally combining superscript "u" above letter. => Horizontally reversed comma above letter (left of center), which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise, and hook above letter (right of center). An accent mark, a combining character.

U0369 ᵈ COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER D. Normally combining superscript "d" above letter. => Dot above letter (left of center), and acute above letter (right of center). An accent mark, a combining character.

U036A ʰ COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER H. Normally combining superscript "h" above letter. Horizontally reversed hook above letter (left of center), and dot above letter (right of center). An accent mark, a combining character.

U036C ʳ COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER R. Normally combining superscript "r" above letter. => Horizontally reversed comma above letter (left of center), which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise, and dot above letter (right of center). An accent mark, a combining character.

U036E ᵛ COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER V. Normally combining superscript "v" above letter. => Grave above letter (left of center), and hook above letter (right of center). An accent mark, a combining character.

U036F ˣ COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER X. Normally combining superscript "x" above letter. => Horizontally reversed hook above letter (left of center), and grave above letter (right of center), which is more vertical than usual (horizontally reversed tonos). An accent mark, a combining character.

U0370 Ͱ GREEK CAPITAL LETTER HETA. Normally looks like the left half of uppercase latin H. => Similar to U0393 GREEK CAPITAL LETTER GAMMA, with a dot above. For indicating that the Gamma is actually a greek transliteration of Ghayn in some ancient names, such as Gomorra.

U0371 ͱ GREEK SMALL LETTER HETA. Normally looks like the left half of uppercase latin H, in smaller size. => Similar to U03B3 GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA, with a dot above. For indicating that the gamma is actually a greek transliteration of ghayn in some ancient names.

U0373 ͳ GREEK SMALL LETTER ARCHAIC SAMPI. Normally looks quite similar to uppercase T. => A new design that uses the generic visual style of other lowercase greek letters: quite similar to U03C9 GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA turned upside down, with 40 % shorter arms on the sides, and a 60 % longer middle pillar.

U0376 Ͷ GREEK CAPITAL LETTER PAMPHYLIAN DIGAMMA. Normally looks like horizontally reversed "N". => A compromise between letter shapes "N" and "H": like letter "H", whose middle bar is a bit diagonal (higher on the left, and lower on the right), but not so strongly diagonal (from corner to corner) as in letter "N". In greek native script represents Ν misspelled as Η, in the biblical name ΝΑΥΗ => ΝΑΥͶ (should be ΝΑΥΝ or ΝΟΥΝ).

U0377 ͷ GREEK SMALL LETTER PAMPHYLIAN DIGAMMA. Normally looks like horizontally reversed "ɴ" (small capital N), with the lower end of the right leg bending to the right. => Combination of the full greek letter "ν" and the right half (or 25 % - 50 %) of greek letter "η". In greek native script represents "ν" misspelled as "η", in the biblical name Ναυη => Ναυͷ (should be Ναυν or Νουν).

U037C ͼ GREEK SMALL DOTTED LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL. Normally looks like lowercase latin "c" with a dot inside. => Similar to U03C2 GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA, with a caron above. For indicating that a sigma is actually a greek transliteration of foreign SH sound in some names, such as Enōš.

U037D ͽ GREEK SMALL REVERSED DOTTED LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL. Normally looks like lowercase latin "c" reversed horizontally, with a dot inside. => Similar to U03C3 GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA, with a caron above. For indicating that a sigma is actually a greek transliteration of foreign SH sound in some names, such as Mathoušala.

U03D1 ϑ GREEK THETA SYMBOL. Normally looks like the cursive version of greek lowercase thēta. => Similar to U03BD GREEK SMALL LETTER NU, with tilde above. For writing the lowercase greek letter gamma, when it occurs before other quite similar consonants and is pronounced as an Ñ sound.

U03D3 ϓ GREEK UPSILON WITH ACUTE AND HOOK SYMBOL. Normally looks like uppercase Y with a curved shape in one or two of the upper ends, with an acute accent mark in front of the letter. => Similar to U03A5 GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON, with an inverted breve above. For transliterating uppercase latin W into greek script.

U03D4 ϔ GREEK UPSILON WITH DIAERESIS AND HOOK SYMBOL. Normally looks like uppercase Y with a curved shape in one or two of the upper ends, with umlaut above. => Similar to U03A5 GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON, with umlaut and grave accent above. For writing uppercase greek Ypsilon, when it is pronounced as ü and also has a grave accent above.

U03D7 ϗ GREEK KAI SYMBOL. Normally looks like horizontally reversed "ɴ" (small capital N), with the top end of the left vertical line bending to the left, and the lower end of the right leg bending to the right, then turning downwards and bending left as a hook. => Combination of the full greek letter "ν" and the right half (or 25 % - 50 %) of greek letter "η", with grammatical iota below. In greek native script represents "ν" misspelled as "η", with grammatical iota, in the biblical name Ναυῃ => Ναυϗ (should be Ναυν or Νουν without grammatical iota).

U03DA Ϛ GREEK LETTER STIGMA. Normally looks a bit like uppercase "C" with a descending tail at the right bottom end. Originally a ligature of greek letters Sigma and Tau. => A ligature of larger than usual U03C2 GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA and smaller than usual U03A4 GREEK CAPITAL LETTER TAU, so that both of these letters are identifiable and readable in the design.

U03DB ϛ GREEK SMALL LETTER STIGMA. Normally looks a bit like lowercase "c" with a descending tail at the right bottom end. Originally a ligature of greek lowercase letters sigma and tau. => A ligature of U03C2 GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA and smaller than usual U03C4 GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU, so that both of these letters are identifiable and readable in the design.

U03DD ϝ GREEK SMALL LETTER DIGAMMA. Normally looks like uppercase F, which is located much lower than usual, and the lower horizontal bar is curved downwards. => A new design that uses the generic visual style of other lowercase greek letters: similar to U03B5 GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON, whose lowest horizontal arm continues straight down on the left edge, never bending to the right at all, reaching the same bottom level as other lowercase letters with a descending tail.

U03E1 ϡ GREEK SMALL LETTER SAMPI. Normally looks a bit like a very tall euro currency sign, which is reversed horizontally as a mirror image, and rotated 20 degrees anti-clockwise. => A new design that uses the generic visual style of other lowercase greek letters: quite similar to U03B5 GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON, which is reversed horizontally as a mirror image, with an added tail on the right edge, which reaches the same bottom level as other lowercase letters with a descending tail.

U03E4 Ϥ COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER FEI. Normally looks a bit like lowercase latin "h" rotated by 180 degrees. => Similar to U03A6 GREEK CAPITAL LETTER PHI, with macron above.

U03E5 ϥ COPTIC SMALL LETTER FEI. Normally looks a bit like lowercase latin "h" rotated by 180 degrees. => Similar to U03C6 GREEK SMALL LETTER PHI, with macron above.

U03E6 Ϧ COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER KHEI. Normally looks like "h", whose right leg continues downwards and bends strongly to the left. => A compromise between letter shapes "N" and "H": like letter "H", whose middle bar is a bit diagonal (higher on the left, and lower on the right), but not so strongly diagonal (from corner to corner) as in letter "N", with grammatical iota below. In greek native script represents Ν misspelled as Η, with grammatical iota, in the biblical name ΝΑΥῌ => ΝΑΥϦ (should be ΝΑΥΝ or ΝΟΥΝ without grammatical iota).

U03FA Ϻ GREEK CAPITAL LETTER SAN. Normally looks nearly identical with uppercase M. => Similar to U039C GREEK CAPITAL LETTER MU, with the left leg descending lower than usual, so that it reaches the same bottom level as lowercase letters with a descending tail.

U03FB ϻ GREEK SMALL LETTER SAN. Normally looks like small capital M with a long left leg descending downwards. => A new design that uses the generic visual style of other lowercase greek letters: similar to U03BC GREEK SMALL LETTER MU, whose (curved) horizontal bar is located much higher than usual, near the top of the letter.

U03FE Ͼ GREEK CAPITAL DOTTED LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL. Normally looks like capital C with a dot inside. => Similar to U03A3 GREEK CAPITAL LETTER SIGMA, with caron above. For indicating that a Sigma is actually a greek transliteration of foreign SH sound in some names, such as Šēm.

U0400 Ѐ CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IE WITH GRAVE. Normally looks like uppercase E with grave accent above. => Similar to U0415 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IE, with dot above. For writing uppercase cyrillic "Е" when it is pronounced "i".

U0403 Ѓ CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER GJE. => Use a dot above the letter, instead of acute accent. Can be used for transcribing the semitic letter Ġayn.

U0418 И CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER I. => Add a slightly shorter than usual macron above this letter, to make this vowel more clearly stand out in the text visually.

U042A Ъ CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER HARD SIGN. Normally looks like "b", whose vertical shaft bends to the left at the top, at a sharp 90 degrees angle. => Similar to small capital "I" (ɪ), but less tall than lowercase "u".

U042B Ы CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YERU. => Add an acute accent above this letter, to make this vowel more clearly stand out in the text visually.

U042C Ь CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SOFT SIGN. Normally looks like "b". => Similar to "ᴵ", with the vertical line bending to the right at the bottom.

U042E Ю CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YU. => Add breve above the letter, as a visual element that emphasizes the "y" sound that begins the pronunciation of this letter.

U042F Я CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YA. => Add breve above the letter, as a visual element that emphasizes the "y" sound that begins the pronunciation of this letter.

U0438 и CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER I. => Add a slightly shorter than usual macron above this letter, to make this vowel more clearly stand out in the text visually.

U044A ъ CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER HARD SIGN. Normally looks like "b" with the height of letter "u", whose vertical shaft bends to the left at the top, at a sharp 90 degrees angle. => Similar to dotless "i", but much less tall than lowercase "u".

U044B ы CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YERU. => Add an acute accent above this letter, to make this vowel more clearly stand out in the text visually.

U044C ь CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SOFT SIGN. Normally looks like "b" with the height of letter "u". => Similar to "ᶥ", a vertical line that bends to the right at the bottom.

U044E ю CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YU. => Add breve above the letter, as a visual element that emphasizes the "y" sound that begins the pronunciation of this letter.

U044F я CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YA. => Add breve above the letter, as a visual element that emphasizes the "y" sound that begins the pronunciation of this letter.

U0450 ѐ CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IE WITH GRAVE. Normally looks like "e" with grave accent above. => Similar to U0435 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IE, with dot above. For writing lowercase cyrillic "е" when it is pronounced "i".

U0453 ѓ CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GJE. => Use a dot above the letter, instead of acute accent. Can be used for transcribing the semitic letter ġayn.

U0462 Ѣ CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YAT. Normally looks like lowercase "b" with the horizontal top bar of "T". => Similar to U0412 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER VE, with macron above. For writing cyrillic uppercase "В" when most speakers leave it silent, without pronouncing it at all.

U0463 ѣ CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YAT. Normally looks like lowercase "b" with a horizontal bar in the vertical line slightly above the wide bottom part. => Similar to U0432 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER VE, with macron above. For writing cyrillic lowercase "в" when most speakers leave it silent, without pronouncing it at all.

U0480 Ҁ CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KOPPA. Normally looks like a horizontally reversed question mark, without the dot below. => Letter "C" with macron above. In modified russian alphabet represents the cyrillic transcription of latin letter "C".

U0481 ҁ CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KOPPA. Normally looks like a horizontally reversed question mark (a bit smaller than usual, and positioned lower), without the dot below. => Letter "c" with macron above. In modified russian alphabet represents the cyrillic transcription of latin letter "c".

U048A Ҋ CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHORT I WITH TAIL. Normally "И" with breve above, and descender in the right bottom corner. => Letter "И" with inverted breve below. Can be used for transliterating latin letter "J".

U048B ҋ CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHORT I WITH TAIL. Normally "и" with breve above, and descender in the right bottom corner. => Letter "и" with inverted breve below. Can be used for transliterating latin letter "j".

U048C Ҍ CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SEMISOFT SIGN. Normally looks like "Ь" with a short horizontal line in the vertical line. => Letter "Ь" without the added horizontal line (to make the typically shaped soft sign available in MITT fonts, while its own glyph has a dramatically different design).

U048D ҍ CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SEMISOFT SIGN. Normally looks like a narrow "Ь" with a short horizontal line in the vertical line. => Letter "ь" with a lower height and without the added horizontal line (to make the typically shaped soft sign available in MITT fonts, while its own glyph has a dramatically different design).

U04A4 Ҥ CYRILLIC CAPITAL LIGATURE EN GHE. Normally looks like "Н" (cyrillic N), whose right vertical pillar has the shape of "Г" (cyrillic G) whose horizontal bar is shorter than usual. => Letter "H", whose right vertical pillar has the shape of "ſ" (latin small letter long S). In romanized hebrew represents doubled uppercase Hē. In romanized arabic represents uppercase Hẵ (the basic form without a vowel or suffix).

U04A8 Ҩ CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ABKHASIAN HA. Normally looks a bit like a handwritten lowercase "a" in latin formal script, but in larger size, as large as uppercase "O". => Similar to latin letter "Å", or U0410 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER A with ring above. For transliterating latin letter "Å" into cyrillic script.

U04A9 ҩ CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ABKHASIAN HA. Normally looks a bit like a handwritten lowercase "a" in latin formal script. => Similar to latin letter "å", or U0430 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER A with ring above. For transliterating latin letter "å" into cyrillic script.

U04BC Ҽ CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ABKHASIAN CHE. Normally looks like large lowercase "e" with an upward-turning hook on the left. => Similar to U0415 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IE, with a cyrillic breve above and descender in the right bottom corner. For writing uppercase cyrillic Е, when it is pronounced as "ye" and belongs to a proper noun, whose romanized transliteration should preferably contain "YE" and not Ĕ, for esthetic reasons and as a personal choice.

U04BD ҽ CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ABKHASIAN CHE. Normally looks like lowercase "e" with an upward-turning hook on the left. => Similar to U0435 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IE, with a cyrillic breve above and descender in the right bottom corner. For writing lowercase cyrillic "e", when it is pronounced as "ye" and belongs to a proper noun, whose romanized transliteration should preferably contain "ye" and not "ĕ", for esthetic reasons and as a personal choice.

U04D0 Ӑ CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER A WITH BREVE. Normally looks like "A" with breve above. => Similar to U0410 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER A, with dot above. For writing cyrillic letter "А", when it is pronounced "i".

U04D1 ӑ CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER A WITH BREVE. Normally looks like "a" with breve above. => Similar to U0430 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER A, with dot above. For writing cyrillic letter "а", when it is pronounced "i".

U04E2 Ӣ CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER I WITH MACRON. => Use a circumflex above the letter, instead of macron, to make this rare letter visually different from letter И in the MITT fonts.

U04E3 ӣ CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER I WITH MACRON. => Use a circumflex above the letter, instead of macron, to make this rare letter visually different from letter И in the MITT fonts.

U04E8 Ө CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BARRED O. Normally looks like "O" with a horizontal bar in the middle. => Similar to U041E CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER O, with dot below. For writing cyrillic letter "О", when it is pronounced quite similarly as "a".

U04E9 ө CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BARRED O. Normally looks like "o" with a horizontal bar in the middle. => Similar to U043E CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER O, with dot below. For writing cyrillic letter "о", when it is pronounced quite similarly as "a".

U04EC Ӭ CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS. Normally looks like cyrillic letter Э with umlaut above. => Similar to "E" with umlaut above and descender in the right bottom corner.

U04ED ӭ CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS. Normally looks like cyrillic letter э with umlaut above. => Similar to "e" with umlaut above and descender in the right bottom corner.

U04F2 Ӳ CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DOUBLE ACUTE. Normally looks like lowercase latin "y" located much higher than usual, with two acute accents above. => The ordinary standard shape of U042E CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YU. For writing uppercase cyrillic "YU" (when glyph U042E has an added breve above in the font), when this letter belongs to a proper noun, whose romanized transliteration should preferably contain "YU" and not "Ŭ", for esthetic reasons and as a personal choice.

U04F3 ӳ CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER U WITH DOUBLE ACUTE. Normally looks like lowercase latin "y", with two acute accents above. => The ordinary standard shape of U0443 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER U. For writing lowercase cyrillic "yu" (when glyph U0443 has an added breve above in the font), when this letter belongs to a proper noun, whose romanized transliteration should preferably contain "yu" and not "ŭ", for esthetic reasons and as a personal choice.

U04F6 Ӷ CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER GHE WITH DESCENDER. Normally "Г" with a descender below. => Letter "Г" with inverted breve above. Can be used instead of the ordinary "Г" in loan words, which originally contain latin letter "H" in this word.

U04F7 ӷ CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GHE WITH DESCENDER. Normally "г" with a descender below. => Letter "г" with inverted breve above. Can be used instead of the ordinary "г" in loan words, which originally contain latin letter "H" in this word.

U04FA Ӻ CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER GHE WITH STROKE AND HOOK. Normally "Г" with horizontal line at the middle, and hook below. => Letter "Г" with macron above. In modified russian alphabet represents "Г" when it is pronounced more softly e.g. between vowels "Е" and "О".

U04FB ӻ CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GHE WITH STROKE AND HOOK. Normally "г" with horizontal line at the middle, and hook below. => Letter "г" with macron above. In modified russian alphabet represents "г" when it is pronounced more softly e.g. between vowels "е" and "о".

U04FC Ӽ CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER HA WITH HOOK. Normally "Х" with hook in the right bottom corner. => Letter "Х" with inverted breve above. In modified russian alphabet represents the cyrillic transcription of latin letter "H".

U04FD ӽ CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER HA WITH HOOK. Normally "х" with hook in the right bottom corner. => Letter "х" with inverted breve above. In modified russian alphabet represents the cyrillic transcription of latin letter "h".

U04FE Ӿ CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER HA WITH STROKE. Normally "Х" with a horizontal line at the middle. => Letter "Х" with acute above. In modified russian alphabet represents the cyrillic transcription of latin letter "X".

U04FF ӿ CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER HA WITH STROKE. Normally "х" with a horizontal line at the middle. => Letter "х" with acute above. In modified russian alphabet represents the cyrillic transcription of latin letter "x".

U0504 Ԅ CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KOMI ZJE. Normally similar to "R" without the vertical line on the left, and the right leg curled upwards at the end. => The ordinary standard shape of U042F CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER Y. For writing uppercase cyrillic "YA" (when glyph U042F has an added breve above in the font), when this letter belongs to a proper noun, whose romanized transliteration should preferably contain "YA" and not "Ă", for esthetic reasons and as a personal choice.

U0505 ԅ CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KOMI ZJE. Normally similar to small capital "R" without the vertical line on the left, and the right leg curled upwards at the end. => The ordinary standard shape of U044F CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YA. For writing lowercase cyrillic "ya" (when glyph U044F has an added breve above in the font), when this letter belongs to a proper noun, whose romanized transliteration should preferably contain "ya" and not "ă", for esthetic reasons and as a personal choice.

U0506 Ԇ CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KOMI DZJE. Normally similar to "R" without the vertical line on the left, with a descender in the right leg. => Similar to U042F CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YA, with dot above. For writing uppercase cyrillic "YA", when it is pronounced "i".

U0507 ԇ CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KOMI DZJE. Normally similar to small capital "R" without the vertical line on the left, with a descender in the right leg. => Similar to U044F CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YA, with dot above. For writing lowercase cyrillic "ya", when it is pronounced "i".

U0508 Ԉ CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KOMI LJE. Normally looks like uppercase cyrillic "Л", with the right leg curled to the right and upwards at the end. => Similar to U041B CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EL, with macron above. For writing cyrillic uppercase "Л" when most speakers leave it silent, without pronouncing it at all.

U0509 ԉ CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KOMI LJE. Normally looks like lowercase cyrillic "л", with the right leg curled to the right and upwards at the end. => Similar to U043B CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EL, with macron above. For writing cyrillic lowercase "л" when most speakers leave it silent, without pronouncing it at all.

U050E Ԏ CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KOMI TJE. Normally looks like "T", with the leg curled to the right and upwards. => Similar to U0422 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER TE, with macron above. For writing cyrillic uppercase "Т" when most speakers leave it silent, without pronouncing it at all.

U050F ԏ CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KOMI TJE. Normally looks like small capital "T", with the leg curled to the right and upwards. => Similar to U0442 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TE, with macron above. For writing cyrillic lowercase "т" when most speakers leave it silent, without pronouncing it at all.

U052C Ԭ CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DCHE. Normally looks like uppercase cyrillic "Д" with a sharp triangular top part, with a horizontal bar in the middle, which continues outside of the triangle on the left and bends upwards there. => Similar to U0414 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DE, with macron above. For writing cyrillic uppercase "Д" when most speakers leave it silent, without pronouncing it at all.

U052D ԭ CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DCHE. Normally looks like lowercase cyrillic "д" with a sharp triangular top part, with a horizontal bar in the middle, which continues outside of the triangle on the left and bends upwards there. => Similar to U0434 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DE, with macron above. For writing cyrillic lowercase "д" when most speakers leave it silent, without pronouncing it at all.

U1D09 ᴉ LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED I. Normally "i" rotated 180 degrees. => Letter "ı" with double acute above. In romanized hebrew represents lowercase notable solemn "i".

U1D12 ᴒ LATIN SMALL LETTER SIDEWAYS OPEN O. Normally looks like "c" rotated 90 degrees clockwise. => Letter "ǫ" ("o" with ogonek) with a horizontally reversed comma above (left of center), which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise, and dot above (right of center). In romanized hebrew represents lowercase ắyin in a word root, which originally included ancient logical grammatical consonant ġāĭn instead of ắyin (until ca. 200 BCE) + notable rapid O.

U1D13 ᴓ LATIN SMALL LETTER SIDEWAYS O WITH STROKE. Normally "ø" rotated 90 degrees anti-clockwise. => Letter "ỏ" (with the hook right of center) and horizontally reversed comma above (left of center), which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise. In romanized hebrew represents lowercase ắyin in a word root, which originally included ancient logical grammatical consonant ġāĭn instead of ắyin (until ca. 200 BCE) + notable O.

U1D15 ᴕ LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL OU. Normally looks like "o" with two horns, with the height of a lowercase letter. => Letter "ʕ" in lowercase size, with macron above. In romanized arabic represents lowercase vowelless ắyn + neutral ạlif.

U1D1F ᴟ LATIN SMALL LETTER SIDEWAYS TURNED M. Normally looks like "m" rotated 90 degrees clockwise. => Ligature of normal-width "N" and 30 % - 50 % width "E", with breve above. In romanized koiné greek represents greek N misspelled as Ē, with grammatical iota, in the biblical name NAUĔ => NAUᴟ (should be: NAUN or NOUN without grammatical iota).

U1D36 ᴶ MODIFIER LETTER CAPITAL J. Normally superscript uppercase J. => A character similar to RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK, located much higher than apostrophes typically are. For presenting untypically high-located apostrophes in the book "Avi" by Ittamar Ben-Avi (1927).

U1D44 ᵄ MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED A. Normally superscript "a" rotated 180 degrees. => Horizontally reversed comma above letter, rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise. An accent mark, not a combining character.

U1D46 ᵆ MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED AE. Normally superscript "ae" ligature above letter, rotated 180 degrees. => Horizontally reversed comma above letter (left of center), which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise, and grave above letter (right of center), which is more vertical than usual (horizontally reversed tonos). An accent mark, not a combining character.

U1D55 ᵕ MODIFIER LETTER SMALL BOTTOM HALF O. Normally looks like the bottom half of very small circle. => Cyrillic breve (a diacritical mark, separate non-combining character).

U1D59 ᵙ MODIFIER LETTER SMALL SIDEWAYS U. Normally looks like superscript "u", which is rotated 90 degrees anti-clockwise. => Identical with ᵓ (horizontally reversed superscript "c", also known as open "o"). In romanized hebrew and arabic represents uppercase Ạlef / Ạlif as a glottal stop after a consonant.

U1D5C ᵜ MODIFIER LETTER SMALL AIN. Normally looks like superscript letter "e" in formal script, with the loop completely filled with colour. => Similar to superscript "c" (modifier letter small c), with the upper end of line having a round dot, which is larger than a period in the same font, and positioned lower than usual, so that 1/3 of this character is above the top edge of lowercase "e". In romanized hebrew represents lowercase ắyin in a word root, which originally included ancient logical grammatical consonant ġāĭn instead of ắyin (until ca. 200 BCE).

U1D60 ᵠ MODIFIER LETTER SMALL GREEK PHI. Normally superscript greek phi (in some fonts: psi). => Breve above letter, and a dot above the breve. An accent mark, not a combining character.

U1D61 ᵡ MODIFIER LETTER SMALL CHI. Normally superscript greek chi above letter. => Horizontally reversed hook above letter (left of center), and grave above letter (right of center), which is more vertical than usual (horizontally reversed tonos). An accent mark, not a combining character.

U1D67 ᵧ GREEK SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER GAMMA. Normally subscript greek gamma. => Hook below the center of letter (with some empty space between the letter and the hook). An accent mark, not a combining character.

U1D68 ᵨ GREEK SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER RHO. Normally subscript greek rho. => Horizontally reversed hook below the center of letter (with some empty space between the letter and the hook). An accent mark, not a combining character.

U1D6B ᵫ LATIN SMALL LETTER UE. Normally a ligature of letters "u" and "e", which are combined into one form. => Letter "Ə" with dot above and breve below. In romanized hebrew represents uppercase Shwa in place of weak O (an ortographical change to disambiguate between masculine 2nd person and feminine 3rd person in some verb forms).

U1D70 ᵰ LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH MIDDLE TILDE. Normally "n" with a large tilde at the middle. => Ligature of normal-width "n" and 30 % - 50 % width "ᴇ" (small capital E), with macron above. In romanized koiné greek represents greek "n" misspelled as "ē", in the biblical name Nauē => Nauᵰ (should be: Naun or Noun).

U1D74 ᵴ LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH MIDDLE TILDE. Normally "s" with a tilde across the letter at the middle. => A small tilde, which is rotated by 90 degrees. Not a combining character. Can be used in romanized arabic as a more stylish doubled letter marker than an ordinary hyphen (as a punctuation character between a definite article and the following word).

U1D79 ᵹ LATIN SMALL LETTER INSULAR G. Normally looks like "ẟ" (latin letter delta) positioned much lower than usual, and with a horizontal bar at the top. => Letter "ʕ" with dot above (left of center) and acute above (right of center), in the size of lowercase letters. In romanized hebrew represents lowercase full ġāĭn + vowelless ạlef.

U1D7C ᵼ LATIN SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH STROKE. Normally dotless "i" with the lower end bending to the right, with a horizontal line at the middle. => Dotless "i" with grave above (left of center), and hook above (right of center). In romanized hebrew represents lowercase ắyin + notable "i" vowel.

U1D8F ᶏ LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH RETROFLEX HOOK. Normally "a" whose right bottom corner has a hook, which descends a bit downwards and bends to the right. => Letter "ą" with dot below. In romanized hebrew represents lowercase notable long "a".

U1D90 ᶐ LATIN SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH RETROFLEX HOOK. Normally looks like lowercase letter a in the style that is very similar to lowercase greek letter alpha, with a hook bending to the right at the right bottom corner. => Oval "o" with tail on the text base line, with ogonek under the tail. In romanized hebrew represents lowercase notable long A (long "a" vowel in a foreign proper noun, which is recommended to be marked with mater lectionis ạlef in unvowelized modern hebrew), a secondary variant that combines the shapes of letters "a" and "o", as the ashkenazi pronunciation for this vowel is "o".

U1D93 ᶓ LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN E WITH RETROFLEX HOOK. Normally looks like "ɛ" (open e) with horizontally reversed hook at the right bottom corner. => Letter "e" with circumflex below and a horizontally reversed comma above, which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise. In romanized hebrew represents lowercase ắyin in a word root, which originally included ancient logical grammatical consonant ġāĭn instead of ắyin (until ca. 200 BCE) + rapid "e" vowel.

U1D97 ᶗ LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O WITH RETROFLEX HOOK. Normally looks like "c" reversed horizontally, with a tail descending from the left bottom corner. => Letter "ɂ" with macron above. In romanized arabic represents lowercase hamzaɦ on line + neutral ạlif.

U1D9D ᶝ MODIFIER LETTER SMALL C WITH CURL. Normally looks like superscript number "6", whose loop is a bit nonchalant and curly. => Similar to superscript "c" (modifier letter small c), with the upper end of line having a round dot, which is larger than a period in the same font. In romanized hebrew represents uppercase Ắyin in a word root, which originally included ancient logical grammatical consonant Ġāĭn instead of Ắyin (until ca. 200 BCE).

U1DA8 ᶨ MODIFIER LETTER SMALL J WITH CROSSED-TAIL. Normally superscript "j" with a loop the the bottom end. => Dot above letter (left of center), and acute above letter (right of center). An accent mark, not a combining character.

U1DAC ᶬ MODIFIER LETTER SMALL M WITH HOOK. Normally superscript "m" with hook under the right leg. => Horizontally reversed comma above (left of center), which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise, and inverted breve above (right of center): the reversed comma and inverted breve are merged into one shape. An accent mark, not a combining character.

U1DAD ᶭ MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED M WITH LONG LEG. Normally superscript "m" rotated 180 degrees, with the right vertical line descending further down than normally. => Sickle accent mark (which is: grave above left of center, and inverted breve above right of center, so that the grave and inverted breve are merged into one shape, which resembles a sickle). An accent mark, not a combining character.

U1DAE ᶮ MODIFIER LETTER SMALL N WITH LEFT HOOK. Normally superscript "m" with hook under the left leg. => Horizontally reversed comma above letter (left of center), which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise, and dot above letter (right of center). An accent mark, not a combining character.

U1DAF ᶯ MODIFIER LETTER SMALL N WITH RETROFLEX HOOK. Normally superscript "n" with a hook under the right leg. => Horizontally reversed hook above letter (left of center), and dot above letter (right of center). An accent mark, not a combining character.

U1DB6 ᶶ MODIFIER LETTER SMALL U BAR. Normally superscript "u", which is crossed by a horizontal line. => Horizontally reversed comma above letter (left of center), which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise, and hook above letter (right of center). An accent mark, not a combining character.

U1DB9 ᶹ MODIFIER LETTER SMALL V WITH HOOK. Normally looks like small superscript "U", whose right vertical edge bends to the left at the top. => Grave above letter (left of center), and hook above letter (right of center). An accent mark, not a combining character.

U1DBA ᶺ MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED V. Normally superscript v upside down. => Wave above letter (which is: acute accent, and on its right side a horizontally reversed comma, which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise: the acute accent and reversed comma are merged into one shape, which resembles a wave or circumflex). An accent mark, not a combining character.

U1E00 Ḁ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH RING BELOW. Normally "A" with ring below. => Letter "A" with tilde below. In romanized arabic represents uppercase Hamzaɦ riding a Wāw + short "A" vowel. In romanized hebrew represents uppercase "A" vowel that does not belong to traditional (masoretic) ortography, and which is added to disambiguate between masculine 2nd person and feminine 3rd person in some verb forms.

U1E01 ḁ LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH RING BELOW. Normally "a" with ring below. => Letter "a" with tilde below. In romanized arabic represents lowercase hamzaɦ riding a wāw + short "a" vowel. In romanized hebrew represents lowercase "a" vowel that does not belong to traditional (masoretic) ortography, and which is added to disambiguate between masculine 2nd person and feminine 3rd person in some verb forms.

U1E02 Ḃ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B WITH DOT ABOVE. Normally "B" with dot above. => Letter "B" with an open center area and open top edge, so that the letter looks a bit like "U" with a curly right edge. In romanized hebrew represents uppercase Bẹt after a vowel in a word from Tanakh era (most notably in a proper noun), whose post-Tanakh era softening might be deemed historically incorrect.

U1E03 ḃ LATIN SMALL LETTER B WITH DOT ABOVE. Normally "b" with dot above. => Letter "b", whose wider part has an open top edge, so that the letter looks a bit like "v" whose left arm is vertical and very tall, and the right arm bends inwards at the top. In romanized hebrew represents lowercase bẹt after a vowel in a word from Tanakh era (most notably in a proper noun), whose post-Tanakh era softening might be deemed historically incorrect.

U1E14 Ḕ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH MACRON AND GRAVE. Normally "E" with macron above, and grave accent above the macron. => Letter "E" with circumflex below and horizontally reversed hook above. In romanized hebrew represents uppercase Ắyin + rapid E vowel.

U1E15 ḕ LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH MACRON AND GRAVE. Normally "e" with macron above, and grave accent above the macron. => Letter "e" with circumflex below and horizontally reversed hook above. In romanized hebrew represents lowercase ắyin + rapid "e" vowel.

U1E16 Ḗ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH MACRON AND ACUTE. Normally "E" with macron above, and acute above the macron. => Letter "E" with horizontally reversed hook above. In romanized hebrew and arabic represents uppercase Ắyin / Ắyn + weak / foreign E vowel.

U1E17 ḗ LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH MACRON AND ACUTE. Normally "e" with macron above, and acute above the macron. => Letter "e" with horizontally reversed hook above. In romanized hebrew and arabic represents lowercase ắyin / ắyn + weak / foreign "e" vowel.

U1E18 Ḙ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX BELOW. Normally "E" with circumflex below. => Letter "E" with circumflex below and dot above. In romanized hebrew represents uppercase weak Shwa.

U1E19 ḙ LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX BELOW. Normally "e" with circumflex below. => Letter "e" with circumflex below and dot above. In romanized hebrew represents lowercase weak shwa.

U1E1C Ḝ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CEDILLA AND BREVE. Normally "E" with cedilla below and breve above. => Letter "E" with dot below, and horizontally reversed comma above, which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise. In romanized hebrew represents uppercase Ắyin in a word root, which originally included ancient logical grammatical consonant Ġāĭn instead of Ắyin (until ca. 200 BCE) + strong "E" vowel.

U1E1D ḝ LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CEDILLA AND BREVE. Normally "e" with cedilla below and breve above. => Letter "e" with dot below, and horizontally reversed comma above, which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise. In romanized hebrew represents lowercase ắyin in a word root, which originally included ancient logical grammatical consonant ġāĭn instead of ắyin (until ca. 200 BCE) + strong "e" vowel.

U1E1E Ḟ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F WITH DOT ABOVE. Normally "F" with dot above. => Letter "F" with macron above. In romanized hebrew represents foreign uppercase F.

U1E1F ḟ LATIN SMALL LETTER F WITH DOT ABOVE. Normally "f" with dot above. => Letter "f" with macron below. In romanized hebrew represents foreign lowercase f.

U1E28 Ḩ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH CEDILLA. Normally "H" with cedilla in the left leg. => Letter "H" with tilde below. In romanized hebrew represents uppercase Ḩẹt.

U1E29 ḩ LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH CEDILLA. Normally "h" with cedilla in the left leg. => Letter "h" with tilde below. In romanized hebrew represents lowercase ḩẹt.

U1E2E Ḯ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS AND ACUTE. Normally looks like "I" with umlaut and acute accent above. => Letter "I" with horizontally reversed hook above. In romanized hebrew and arabic represents uppercase Ắyin / Ắyn + basic I vowel.

U1E2F ḯ LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS AND ACUTE. Normally looks like dotless "i" with umlaut and acute accent above. => Letter "i" without dot, with horizontally reversed hook above. In romanized hebrew and arabic represents lowercase ắyin / ắyn + basic "i" vowel.

U1E4C Ṍ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH TILDE AND ACUTE. Normally looks like "O" with tilde above, and grave accent above the tilde. => Oval "O" with tail on the text base line, with breve above and dot below. In romanized hebrew represents uppercase double Yōd + long "A" vowel (a secondary variant that combines the shapes of letters "a" and "o", as the ashkenazi pronunciation for this vowel is "o").

U1E4D ṍ LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH TILDE AND ACUTE. Normally looks like "o" with tilde above, and grave accent above the tilde. => Oval "o" with tail on the text base line, with breve above and dot below. In romanized hebrew represents lowercase double yōd + long "a" vowel (a secondary variant that combines the shapes of letters "a" and "o", as the ashkenazi pronunciation for this vowel is "o").

U1E4E Ṏ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH TILDE AND DIAERESIS. Normally "O" with tilde above, and umlaut above the tilde. => Oval "O" with tail on the text base line, and horizontally reversed comma above, which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise. In romanized hebrew can represent uppercase Ắyin in a word root, which originally included ancient logical grammatical consonant Ġāĭn instead of Ắyin (until ca. 200 BCE) + long "A" vowel (a variant that combines the shapes of letters "a" and "o", as the ashkenazi pronunciation for this vowel is "o"). The primary character for this ashkenazi pronunciation has a dot below, which indicates that the vowel is long.

U1E4F ṏ LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH TILDE AND DIAERESIS. Normally "o" with tilde above, and umlaut above the tilde. => Oval "o" with tail on the text base line, and horizontally reversed comma above, which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise. In romanized hebrew can represent lowercase ắyin in a word root, which originally included ancient logical grammatical consonant ġāĭn instead of ắyin (until ca. 200 BCE) + long "a" vowel (a variant that combines the shapes of letters "a" and "o", as the ashkenazi pronunciation for this vowel is "o"). The primary character for this ashkenazi pronunciation has a dot below, which indicates that the vowel is long.

U1E50 Ṑ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH MACRON AND GRAVE. Normally "O" with macron above, and grave accent above the macron. => Letter "O" with dot above (right of center), and horizontally reversed comma above (left of center), which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise. In romanized hebrew represents uppercase Ắyin in a word root, which originally included ancient logical grammatical consonant Ġāĭn instead of Ắyin (until ca. 200 BCE) + rapid "O" vowel.

U1E51 ṑ LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH MACRON AND GRAVE. Normally "o" with macron above, and grave accent above the macron. => Letter "o" with dot above (right of center), and horizontally reversed comma above (left of center), which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise. In romanized hebrew represents lowercase ắyin in a word root, which originally included ancient logical grammatical consonant ġāĭn instead of ắyin (until ca. 200 BCE) + rapid "o" vowel.

U1E52 Ṓ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH MACRON AND ACUTE. Normally "O" with macron above, and acute accent above the macron. => Letter "O" with horizontally reversed hook above. In romanized hebrew and arabic represents uppercase Ắyin / Ắyn + basic O vowel.

U1E53 ṓ LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH MACRON AND ACUTE. Normally "o" with macron above, and acute accent above the macron. => Letter "o" with horizontally reversed hook above. In romanized hebrew and arabic represents lowercase ắyin / ắyn + basic "o" vowel.

U1E54 Ṕ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P WITH ACUTE. Normally looks like "P" with acute accent above. => Letter "P" with macron above. Represents foreign uppercase latin "P" in romanized hebrew.

U1E55 ṕ LATIN SMALL LETTER P WITH ACUTE. Normally looks like "p" with acute accent above. => Letter "p" with macron above. Represents foreign lowercase latin "p" in romanized hebrew.

U1E6A Ṫ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH DOT ABOVE. Normally "T" with dot above. => Letter "T" with umlaut above.

U1E78 Ṹ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH TILDE AND ACUTE. Normally "U" with tilde above, and acute above the tilde. => Letter "U" with horizontally reversed hook above. In romanized hebrew and arabic represents uppercase Ắyin / Ắyn + basic U vowel.

U1E79 ṹ LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH TILDE AND ACUTE. Normally "u" with tilde above, and acute above the tilde. => Letter "u" with horizontally reversed hook above. In romanized hebrew and arabic represents lowercase ắyin / ắyn + basic "u" vowel.

U1E7A Ṻ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH MACRON AND DIAERESIS. Normally "U" with macron above, and umlaut above the macron. => Letter "U" with wave above (which is: acute accent, and on its right side a horizontally reversed comma, which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise: the acute accent and reversed comma are merged into one shape, which resembles a wave or circumflex). In romanized hebrew represents uppercase Ắyin in a word root, which originally included ancient logical grammatical consonant Ġāĭn instead of Ắyin (until ca. 200 BCE) + full U (Wạw with šūrūq "U" vowel).

U1E7B ṻ LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH MACRON AND DIAERESIS. Normally "U" with macron above, and umlaut above the macron. => Letter "u" with wave above (which is: acute accent, and on its right side a horizontally reversed comma, which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise: the acute accent and reversed comma are merged into one shape, which resembles a wave or circumflex). In romanized hebrew represents lowercase ắyin in a word root, which originally included ancient logical grammatical consonant Ġāĭn instead of ắyin (until ca. 200 BCE) + full U (wạw with šūrūq "u" vowel).

U1E84 Ẅ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W WITH DIAERESIS. Normally "W" with umlaut above. => Letter "W" with a narrower than usual macron above. In romanized hebrew represents uppercase foreign W.

U1E85 ẅ LATIN SMALL LETTER W WITH DIAERESIS. Normally "w" with umlaut above. => Letter "w" with a narrower than usual macron above. In romanized hebrew represents lowercase foreign w.

U1E90 Ẑ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH CIRCUMFLEX. Normally "Z" with circumflex above. => Letter "Z" with grave above. In romanized hebrew represents uppercase Źạdeh in a word root, which originally included ancient logical grammatical consonant Ẑādeh (equivalent of arabic letter Ḑād, which is Șād with dot) instead of Źạdeh (some 3500 years ago).

U1E91 ẑ LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH CIRCUMFLEX. Normally "z" with circumflex above. => Letter "z" with grave above. In romanized hebrew represents lowercase źạdeh in a word root, which originally included ancient logical grammatical consonant ẑādeh (equivalent of arabic letter ḑād, which is șād with dot) instead of źạdeh (some 3500 years ago).

U1E92 Ẓ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH DOT BELOW. Normally "Z" with dot below. => Letter "Z" with comma below. In romanized arabic represents uppercase Ẓẵ (Ṱẵ with dot).

U1E93 ẓ LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH DOT BELOW. Normally "z" with dot below. => Letter "z" with comma below. In romanized arabic represents lowercase ẓẵ (ṱẵ with dot).

U1E9B ẛ LATIN SMALL LETTER LONG S WITH DOT ABOVE. Normally a vertical line with the same height as letter "I", whose upper end bends to the right, with dot above. => Letter "I" with horizontally reversed comma above (left of center), which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise, and hook above (right of center). In romanized hebrew represents uppercase Ắyin in a word root, which originally included ancient logical grammatical consonant Ġāĭn instead of Ắyin (until ca. 200 BCE) + notable I vowel.

U1E9F ẟ LATIN SMALL LETTER DELTA. Normally looks like greek small delta, or "o" with a hook above that bends to the right. => Oval "Ỏ" ("O" with hook above) with tail on the text base line. In romanized hebrew represents uppercase shortened A (a secondary variant that combines the shapes of letters "a" and "o", as the ashkenazi pronunciation for this vowel is "o").

U1EA4 Ấ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND ACUTE. Normally "A" with circumflex centrally above, and acute accent on the right side of the circumflex. => Letter "A" with dot below, and horizontally reversed comma above, which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise. In romanized hebrew represents uppercase Ắyin in a word root, which originally included ancient logical grammatical consonant Ġāĭn instead of Ắyin (until ca. 200 BCE) + long "A" vowel.

U1EA5 ấ LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND ACUTE. Normally "a" with circumflex centrally above, and acute accent on the right side of the circumflex. => Letter "A" with dot below, and horizontally reversed comma above, which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise. In romanized hebrew represents lowercase ắyin in a word root, which originally included ancient logical grammatical consonant ġāĭn instead of ắyin (until ca. 200 BCE) + long "a" vowel.

U1EA6 Ầ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND GRAVE. Normally "A" with circumflex centrally above, and grave accent on the left side of the circumflex. => Letter "A" with horizontally reversed comma above, which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise. In romanized hebrew represents uppercase Ắyin in a word root, which originally included ancient logical grammatical consonant Ġāĭn instead of Ắyin (until ca. 200 BCE) + short "A" vowel.

U1EA7 ầ LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND GRAVE. Normally "a" with circumflex centrally above, and grave accent on the left side of the circumflex. => Letter "A" with horizontally reversed comma above, which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise. In romanized hebrew represents lowercase ắyin in a word root, which originally included ancient logical grammatical consonant ġāĭn instead of ắyin (until ca. 200 BCE) + short "a" vowel.

U1EA8 Ẩ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND HOOK ABOVE. Normally "A" with circumflex above, and hook on the right side of circumflex. => Letter "A" with circumflex above and hook below (as a separate element that does not touch the forms of the letter). In romanized arabic represents uppercase Ắyn + "A" + Ạlif + vowelless Hamzaɦ on line.

U1EA9 ẩ LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND HOOK ABOVE. Normally "a" with circumflex above, and hook on the right side of circumflex. => Letter "a" with circumflex above and hook below (as a separate element that does not touch the forms of the letter). In romanized arabic represents lowercase ắyn + "a" + ạlif + vowelless hamzaɦ on line.

U1EAA Ẫ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND TILDE. Normally "A" with circumflex above, and tilde above the circumflex. => Letter "A" with sickle above (which is: grave above left of center, and inverted breve above right of center, so that the grave and inverted breve are merged into one shape, which resembles a sickle). In romanized hebrew represents uppercase Ắyin + straight AY (long "A" vowel + silent Yōd).

U1EAB ẫ LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND TILDE. Normally "a" with circumflex above, and tilde above the circumflex. => Letter "a" with sickle above (which is: grave above left of center, and inverted breve above right of center, so that the grave and inverted breve are merged into one shape, which resembles a sickle). In romanized hebrew represents lowercase ắyin + straight AY (long "a" vowel + silent yōd).

U1EAC Ậ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND DOT BELOW. Normally "A" with circumflex above and dot below. => Letter "A" with horizontally reversed hook accent above and dot below. In romanized hebrew represents uppercase Ắyin + long "A" vowel.

U1EAD ậ LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND DOT BELOW. Normally "a" with circumflex above and dot below. => Letter "a" with horizontally reversed hook accent above and dot below. In romanized hebrew represents lowercase ắyin + long "a" vowel.

U1EAE Ắ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH BREVE AND ACUTE. Normally "A" with breve above, and acute above the breve. => Letter "A" with horizontally reversed hook above. In romanized hebrew and arabic represents uppercase Ắyin / Ắyn + short A vowel.

U1EAF ắ LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH BREVE AND ACUTE. Normally "a" with breve above, and acute above the breve. => Letter "a" with horizontally reversed hook above. In romanized hebrew and arabic represents lowercase ắyin / ắyn + short "a" vowel.

U1EB0 Ằ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH BREVE AND GRAVE. Normally "A" with breve above, and grave accent above the breve. => Letter "A" with horizontally reversed hook above (left of center), and dot above (right of center). In romanized hebrew represents uppercase Ắyin + rapid "A" vowel.

U1EB1 ằ LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH BREVE AND GRAVE. Normally "a" with breve above, and grave accent above the breve. => Letter "a" with horizontally reversed hook above (left of center), and dot above (right of center). In romanized hebrew represents lowercase ắyin + rapid "a" vowel.

U1EB4 Ẵ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH BREVE AND TILDE. Normally "A" with breve above, and tilde above the breve. => Letter "A" with macron above, and hook below (as a separate element that does not touch the forms of the letter). In romanized arabic represents uppercase "A" + Ạlif + vowelless Hamzaɦ on line.

U1EB5 ẵ LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH BREVE AND TILDE. Normally "a" with breve above, and tilde above the breve. => Letter "a" with macron above, and hook below (as a separate element that does not touch the forms of the letter). In romanized arabic represents lowercase "a" + ạlif + vowelless hamzaɦ on line.

U1EBE Ế LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND ACUTE. Normally "E" with macron above, and acute above the macron. => Letter "E" with horizontally reversed comma above, which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise. In romanized hebrew represents uppercase Ắyin in a word root, which originally included ancient logical grammatical consonant Ġāĭn instead of Ắyin (until ca. 200 BCE) + weak "E" vowel.

U1EBF ế LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND ACUTE. Normally "E" with macron above, and acute above the macron. => Letter "e" with horizontally reversed comma above, which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise. In romanized hebrew represents lowercase ắyin in a word root, which originally included ancient logical grammatical consonant ġāĭn instead of ắyin (until ca. 200 BCE) + weak "E" vowel.

U1EC0 Ề LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND GRAVE. Normally "E" with circumflex directly above, and grave on the left side of the circumflex. => Letter "Ę" with horizontally reversed hook above. In romanized hebrew represents uppercase Ắyin + notable strong "E" vowel.

U1EC1 ề LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND GRAVE. Normally "e" with circumflex directly above, and grave on the left side of the circumflex. => Letter "ę" with horizontally reversed hook above. In romanized hebrew represents lowercase ắyin + notable strong "e" vowel.

U1EC2 Ể LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND HOOK ABOVE. Normally "E" with circumflex centrally above, and hook (or the right side of ring) on the right side of circumflex. => Letter "E" with wave above (which is: acute accent, and on its right side a horizontally reversed comma, which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise: the acute accent and reversed comma are merged into one shape, which resembles a wave or circumflex). In romanized hebrew represents uppercase Ắyin in a word root, which originally included ancient logical grammatical consonant Ġāĭn instead of Ắyin (until ca. 200 BCE) + strong "E" vowel + vowelless Ạlef.

U1EC3 ể LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND HOOK ABOVE. Normally "e" with circumflex centrally above, and hook (or the right side of ring) on the right side of circumflex. => Letter "e" with wave above (which is: acute accent, and on its right side a horizontally reversed comma, which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise: the acute accent and reversed comma are merged into one shape, which resembles a wave or circumflex). In romanized hebrew represents lowercase ắyin in a word root, which originally included ancient logical grammatical consonant ġāĭn instead of ắyin (until ca. 200 BCE) + strong "e" vowel + vowelless ạlef.

U1EC4 Ễ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND TILDE. Normally "E" with circumflex above, and tilde above the circumflex. => Letter "Ę" with horizontally reversed comma above, which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise. In romanized hebrew represents uppercase Ắyin in a word root, which originally included ancient logical grammatical consonant Ġāĭn instead of Ắyin (until ca. 200 BCE) + notable strong "E" vowel.

U1EC5 ễ LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND TILDE. Normally "e" with circumflex above, and tilde above the circumflex. => Letter "ę" with horizontally reversed comma above, which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise. In romanized hebrew represents lowercase ắyin in a word root, which originally included ancient logical grammatical consonant ġāĭn instead of ắyin (until ca. 200 BCE) + notable strong "e" vowel.

U1EC6 Ệ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND DOT BELOW. Normally "E" with circumflex above and dot below. => Letter "E" with horizontally reversed hook above and dot below. In romanized hebrew represents uppercase Ắyin + strong "E" vowel.

U1EC7 ệ LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND DOT BELOW. Normally "e" with circumflex above and dot below. => Letter "e" with horizontally reversed hook above and dot below. In romanized hebrew represents lowercase ắyin + strong "e" vowel.

U1ED0 Ố LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND ACUTE. Normally looks like "O" with circumflex directly above the letter, and acute accent on the right side of circumflex. => Oval "O" with tail on the text base line, with circumflex above. In romanized hebrew represents uppercase Ắyin + long "A" vowel + Ạlef without vowels (a secondary variant that combines the shapes of letters "a" and "o", as the ashkenazi pronunciation for this vowel is "o").

U1ED1 ố LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND ACUTE. Normally looks like "o" with circumflex directly above the letter, and acute accent on the right side of circumflex. => Oval "o" with tail on the text base line, with circumflex above. In romanized hebrew represents lowercase ắyin + long "a" vowel + ạlef without vowels (a secondary variant that combines the shapes of letters "a" and "o", as the ashkenazi pronunciation for this vowel is "o").

U1ED2 Ồ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND GRAVE. Normally looks like "O" with circumflex directly above the letter, and grave accent on the left side of circumflex. => Oval "O" with tail on the text base line, with horizontally reversed hook above, and dot below. In romanized hebrew represents uppercase Ắyin + long "A" vowel (a secondary variant that combines the shapes of letters "a" and "o", as the ashkenazi pronunciation for this vowel is "o").

U1ED3 ồ LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND GRAVE. Normally looks like "o" with circumflex directly above the letter, and grave accent on the left side of circumflex. => Oval "o" with tail on the text base line, with horizontally reversed hook above, and dot below. In romanized hebrew represents lowercase ắyin + long "a" vowel (a secondary variant that that combines the shapes of letters "a" and "o", as the ashkenazi pronunciation for this vowel is "o").

U1ED4 Ổ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND HOOK ABOVE. Normally "A" with circumflex centrally above, and hook (or the right side of ring) on the right side of circumflex. => Letter "O" with horizontally reversed comma above, which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise. In romanized hebrew represents uppercase Ắyin in a word root, which originally included ancient logical grammatical consonant Ġāĭn instead of Ắyin (until ca. 200 BCE) + basic "O" vowel.

U1ED5 ổ LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND HOOK ABOVE. Normally "a" with circumflex centrally above, and hook (or the right side of ring) on the right side of circumflex. => Letter "o" with horizontally reversed comma above, which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise. In romanized hebrew represents lowercase ắyin in a word root, which originally included ancient logical grammatical consonant ġāĭn instead of ắyin (until ca. 200 BCE) + basic "o" vowel.

U1ED6 Ỗ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND TILDE. Normally "A" with circumflex above, and tilde above the circumflex. => Letter "O" with wave above (which is: acute accent, and on its right side a horizontally reversed comma, which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise: the acute accent and reversed comma are merged into one shape, which resembles a wave or circumflex). In romanized hebrew represents uppercase Ắyin in a word root, which originally included ancient logical grammatical consonant Ġāĭn instead of Ắyin (until ca. 200 BCE) + full O (Wạw + "O" vowel).

U1ED7 ỗ LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND TILDE. Normally "a" with circumflex above, and tilde above the circumflex. => Letter "o" with wave above (which is: acute accent, and on its right side a horizontally reversed comma, which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise: the acute accent and reversed comma are merged into one shape, which resembles a wave or circumflex). In romanized hebrew represents lowercase ắyin in a word root, which originally included ancient logical grammatical consonant Ġāĭn instead of ắyin (until ca. 200 BCE) + full O (wạw + "o" vowel).

U1ED8 Ộ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND DOT BELOW. Normally "O" with circumflex above and dot below. => Letter "O" with horizontally reversed hook above and dot below. In romanized hebrew represents uppercase Ắyin + weak "O" vowel.

U1ED9 ộ LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND DOT BELOW. Normally "o" with circumflex above and dot below. => Letter "o" with horizontally reversed hook above and dot below. In romanized hebrew represents lowercase ắyin + weak "o" vowel.

U1EDA Ớ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH HORN AND ACUTE. Normally "O" with horn in top right corner, and acute above. => Oval "O" with tail on the text base line, with wave above (which is: acute accent, and on its right side a horizontally reversed comma, which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise: the acute accent and reversed comma are merged into one shape, which resembles a wave or circumflex). In romanized hebrew represents uppercase Ắyin in a word root, which originally included ancient logical grammatical consonant Ġāĭn instead of Ắyin (until ca. 200 BCE) + long "A" vowel + Ạlef without vowels (a secondary variant that combines the shapes of letters "a" and "o", as the ashkenazi pronunciation for this vowel is "o").

U1EDB ớ LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH HORN AND ACUTE. Normally "o" with horn in top right corner, and acute above. => Oval "o" with tail on the text base line, with wave above (which is: acute accent, and on its right side a horizontally reversed comma, which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise: the acute accent and reversed comma are merged into one shape, which resembles a wave or circumflex). In romanized hebrew represents lowercase ắyin in a word root, which originally included ancient logical grammatical consonant ġāĭn instead of ắyin (until ca. 200 BCE) + long "a" vowel + ạlef without vowels (a secondary variant that combines the shapes of letters "a" and "o", as the ashkenazi pronunciation for this vowel is "o").

U1EDC Ờ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH HORN AND GRAVE. Normally "O" with grave accent above, and horn in top right corner. => Letter "O" with horizontally reversed hook above (left of center), and dot above (right of center). In romanized hebrew represents uppercase Ắyin + rapid "O" vowel.

U1EDD ờ LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH HORN AND GRAVE. Normally "o" with grave accent above, and horn in top right corner. => Letter "o" with horizontally reversed hook above (left of center), and dot above (right of center). In romanized hebrew represents lowercase ắyin + rapid "o" vowel.

U1EDE Ở LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH HORN AND HOOK ABOVE. Normally "O" with horn in top right corner, and hook (or right half of ring) above. => Oval "O" with tail on the text base line, with dot below, and horizontally reversed comma above, which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise. In romanized hebrew represents uppercase Ắyin in a word root, which originally included ancient logical grammatical consonant Ġāĭn instead of Ắyin (until ca. 200 BCE) + long "A" vowel (a secondary variant that combines the shapes of letters "a" and "o", as the ashkenazi pronunciation for this vowel is "o").

U1EDF ở LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH HORN AND HOOK ABOVE. Normally "o" with horn in top right corner, and hook (or right half of ring) above. => Oval "o" with tail on the text base line, with dot below, and horizontally reversed comma above, which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise. In romanized hebrew represents lowercase ắyin in a word root, which originally included ancient logical grammatical consonant ġāĭn instead of ắyin (until ca. 200 BCE) + long "a" vowel (a secondary variant that combines the shapes of letters "a" and "o", as the ashkenazi pronunciation for this vowel is "o").

U1EE0 Ỡ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH HORN AND TILDE. Normally looks like "O" with a horn (or apostrophe) in top right corner, and tilde above. => Oval "O" with tail on the text base line, with tilde above. In romanized hebrew represents uppercase straight AY (long "A" vowel + silent Yōd), or uppercase lengthened A -- a secondary variant that combines the shapes of letters "a" and "o", as the ashkenazi pronunciation for this vowel is "o".

U1EE1 ỡ LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH HORN AND TILDE. Normally looks like "o" with a horn (or apostrophe) in top right corner, and tilde above. => Oval "o" with tail on the text base line, with tilde above. In romanized hebrew represents lowercase straight AY (long "a" vowel + silent yōd), or lowercase lengthened A -- a secondary variant that combines the shapes of letters "a" and "o", as the ashkenazi pronunciation for this vowel is "o".

U1EE2 Ợ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH HORN AND DOT BELOW. Normally looks like "O" with a horn (or apostrophe) in top right corner, and dot below. => Oval "O" with tail on the text base line, with dot below. In romanized hebrew represents uppercase long "A" vowel (a secondary variant that combines the shapes of letters "a" and "o", as the ashkenazi pronunciation for this vowel is "o").

U1EE3 ợ LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH HORN AND DOT BELOW. Normally looks like "o" with a horn (or apostrophe) in top right corner, and dot below. => Oval "o" with tail on the text base line, with dot below. In romanized hebrew represents lowercase long "a" vowel (a secondary variant that combines the shapes of letters "a" and "o", as the ashkenazi pronunciation for this vowel is "o").

U1EE8 Ứ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH HORN AND ACUTE. Normally "Ú" with horn in the top right corner. => Letter "U" with horizontally reversed comma above (left of center), which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise, and hook above (right of center). In romanized hebrew represents uppercase Ắyin in a word root, which originally included ancient logical grammatical consonant Ġāĭn instead of Ắyin (until ca. 200 BCE) + notable U vowel.

U1EE9 ứ LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH HORN AND ACUTE. Normally "ú" with horn in the top right corner. => Letter "u" with horizontally reversed comma above (left of center), which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise, and hook above (right of center). In romanized hebrew represents lowercase ắyin in a word root, which originally included ancient logical grammatical consonant ġāĭn instead of ắyin (until ca. 200 BCE) + notable "u" vowel.

U1EEA Ừ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH HORN AND GRAVE. Normally "U" with horn at the top right corner, and grave accent above. => Letter "U" with horizontally reversed comma above, which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise. In romanized hebrew represents uppercase Ắyin in a word root, which originally included ancient logical grammatical consonant Ġāĭn instead of Ắyin (until ca. 200 BCE) + basic "U" vowel.

U1EEB ừ LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH HORN AND GRAVE. Normally "u" with horn at the top right corner, and grave accent above. => Letter "u" with horizontally reversed comma above, which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise. In romanized hebrew represents lowercase ắyin in a word root, which originally included ancient logical grammatical consonant ġāĭn instead of ắyin (until ca. 200 BCE) + basic "u" vowel.

U1EEC Ử LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH HORN AND HOOK ABOVE. Normally "Ủ" with horn in the top right corner. => Letter "U" with grave above (left of center), and hook above (right of center). In romanized hebrew represents uppercase Ắyin + notable U vowel.

U1EED ử LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH HORN AND HOOK ABOVE. Normally "ủ" with horn in the top right corner. => Letter "u" with grave above (left of center), and hook above (right of center). In romanized hebrew represents lowercase ắyin + notable "u" vowel.

U1EEE Ữ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH HORN AND TILDE. Normally "U" with tilde above, and horn in top right corner. => Oval "O" with tail on the text base line, with double grave accent above. In romanized hebrew represents uppercase postponed "A" vowel, whose purpose is to disambiguate between masculine 2nd person and feminine 3rd person in some verb forms (a secondary variant that combines the shapes of letters "a" and "o", as the ashkenazi pronunciation for this vowel is "o").

U1EEF ữ LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH HORN AND TILDE. Normally "u" with tilde above, and horn in top right corner. => Oval "o" with tail on the text base line, with double grave accent above. In romanized hebrew represents lowercase postponed "a" vowel, whose purpose is to disambiguate between masculine 2nd person and feminine 3rd person in some verb forms (a secondary variant that combines the shapes of letters "a" and "o", as the ashkenazi pronunciation for this vowel is "o").

U1EF0 Ự LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH HORN AND DOT BELOW. Normally "U" with dot below and horn in top right corner. => Oval "O" with tail on the text base line, with tilde below. In romanized hebrew represents uppercase "A" vowel that does not belong to traditional (masoretic) ortography, and which is added to disambiguate between masculine 2nd person and feminine 3rd person in some verb forms (a secondary variant that combines the shapes of letters "a" and "o", as the ashkenazi pronunciation for this vowel is "o").

U1EF1 ự LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH HORN AND DOT BELOW. Normally "u" with dot below and horn in top right corner. => Oval "o" with tail on the text base line, with tilde below. In romanized hebrew represents lowercase "a" vowel that does not belong to traditional (masoretic) ortography, and which is added to disambiguate between masculine 2nd person and feminine 3rd person in some verb forms (a secondary variant that combines the shapes of letters "a" and "o", as the ashkenazi pronunciation for this vowel is "o").

U2009 THIN SPACE. Normally has 60 % - 70 % width of ordinary space. => 50 % width of ordinary space. In native-script hebrew separates a prefix or definite article from the next word (in some text styles), with less visual distraction than a full-width space would cause.

U200A HAIR SPACE. Normally has 30 % - 50 % width of ordinary space. => Width 0 px - 1 px. In native-script hebrew separates a prefix or definite article from the next word logically but not visually, in some text styles.

U2C65 ⱥ LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH STROKE. Normally "a" with a diagonal line across the letter, from left bottom corner to right top corner. => Letter "a" without a line at the bottom edge (a bit similar to "ɦ" reversed horizontally and with the height of letter "a"). In romanized hebrew represents lowercase guttural enhancer A (an additional A vowel, which has been systematically pronounced before a word-final ắyin, ḩẹt or strong hē since approximately 600 CE (and with a slowly increasing frequency during the preceding 500 - 1000 years).

U2C67 Ⱨ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH DESCENDER. Normally "H" with descender in the right leg. => Letter "H" with a gap in the horizontal bar, so that the letter has a separate left part and a right part, which do not touch each other. For presenting the secondary variant of romanized hebrew uppercase letter Ḩet in the book "Avi" by Ittamar Ben-Avi (1927).

U2C6D Ɑ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA. Normally looks like lowercase letter a (though in capital letter size) in the style that is very similar to lowercase greek letter alpha. => Oval "O" with tail on the text base line, with ogonek under the tail. In romanized hebrew represents uppercase notable long A (long "A" vowel in a foreign proper noun, which is recommended to be marked with mater lectionis ạlef in unvowelized modern hebrew), a secondary variant that combines the shapes of letters "a" and "o", as the ashkenazi pronunciation for this vowel is "O".

U2C6F Ɐ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TURNED A. Normally "A" upside down. => Similar shape as lowercase "a", in uppercase size. In romanized hebrew represents uppercase guttural enhancer A (an additional A vowel, which has been systematically pronounced before a word-final ắyin, ḩẹt or strong hē since approximately 600 CE (and with a slowly increasing frequency during the preceding 500 - 1000 years).

U2C70 Ɒ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TURNED ALPHA. Normally looks like lowercase letter a (though in capital letter size) in the style that is very similar to lowercase greek letter alpha, rotated 180 degrees. => Oval "O" with tail on the text base line. In romanized hebrew can represent long "A" vowel (a variant that combines the shapes of letters "a" and "o", as the ashkenazi pronunciation for this vowel is "o"). The primary character for this ashkenazi pronunciation has a dot below, which indicates that the vowel is long.

U2C77 ⱷ LATIN SMALL LETTER TAILLESS PHI. Normally looks like small number 6 rotated 90 degrees counter-clockwise. => Letter "Ǫ" ("O" with ogonek) with a horizontally reversed comma above (left of center), which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise, and dot above (right of center). In romanized hebrew represents uppercase Ắyin in a word root, which originally included ancient logical grammatical consonant Ġāĭn instead of Ắyin (until ca. 200 BCE) + notable rapid O.

U2C7A ⱺ LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH LOW RING INSIDE. Normally "o" with a small ring at the bottom edge of the space inside the "o" shape. => Letter "ǫ" ("o" with ogonek) with dot above. In romanized hebrew represents lowercase notable rapid O.

U2C7B ⱻ LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL TURNED E. Normally "E" in small caps size, reversed horizontally. => Letter "Ə" upside down, with dot above. In romanized hebrew represents uppercase Shwa in place of strong E (an ortographical change to disambiguate between masculine 2nd person and feminine 3rd person in some verb forms).

1.2) 52 LATIN / GREEK / CYRILLIC / LTR PUNCTUATION glyphs (or scenarios) with minor differences to the traditional design:

U00AF ¯ Non-combining MACRON. Normally this is level with the top egde of latin uppercase letters. => Located much lower than usual, level with the top egde of latin lowercase u. For romanizing the hebrew dash maqqạf (HEBREW PUNCTUATION MAQAF). A non-combining macron at the typical height is available at the Unicode character U02C9 MODIFIER LETTER MACRON.

U00C8 È LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH GRAVE. Normally "E" with grave above. => Letter "E" with a more vertical grave than usual (horizontally reversed tonos) above. The purpose of this adjustment is improving the look and feel of this vowel in romanized hebrew.

U00E8 è LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH GRAVE. Normally "e" with grave above. => Letter "e" with a more vertical grave than usual (horizontally reversed tonos) above. The purpose of this adjustment is improving the look and feel of this vowel in romanized hebrew.

U010F ď LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH CARON. Normally "d" followed by a small apostrophe. => Letter "d" with caron above the bowl (wide lower part), on the left side of the ascender (high vertical part). The caron is a bit smaller than usual, to fit conveniently on the left side of the ascender.

U0122 Ģ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH CEDILLA. Normally "G" with comma below. => Letter "G" with hook below. In romanized hebrew represents uppercase Gīmẹl, softer pronunciation after a vowel, since approximately 0 CE +/- 300 years until the middle ages (not a customary pronunciation in most dialects of modern hebrew).

U0125 ĥ LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH CIRCUMFLEX. Normally "h" with circumflex above the top edge level of the ascender (high vertical part). => Letter "h" with circumflex above the wide lower part (shoulder), on the right side of the ascender. The circumflex is a bit smaller than usual, to fit conveniently on the right side of the ascender.

U0136 Ķ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH CEDILLA. Normally "K" with comma not much below the text base line. => Letter "K" with comma positioned lower, on the level where any "dot below" or "comma below" would be.

U0137 ķ LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH CEDILLA. Normally "k" with comma not much below the text base line. => Letter "k" with comma positioned lower, on the level where any "dot below" or "comma below" would be.

U013B Ļ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH CEDILLA. Normally "L" with comma below. => "L" with cedilla below.

U013C ļ LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH CEDILLA. Normally "l" with comma below. => Letter "l" with cedilla below.

U013D Ľ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH CARON. Normally "L" with a small apostrophe above. => "L" with caron above the ascender (high vertical part).

U013E ľ LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH CARON. Normally "l" followed by a small apostrophe. => Letter "l" with caron above.

U0145 Ņ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH CEDILLA. Normally "N" with comma not much below the text base line. => Letter "N" with comma positioned lower, on the level where any "dot below" or "comma below" would be.

U0146 ņ LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH CEDILLA. Normally "n" with comma not much below the text base line. => Letter "n" with comma positioned lower, on the level where any "dot below" or "comma below" would be.

U0156 Ŗ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH CEDILLA. Normally "R" with comma not much below the text base line. => Letter "R" with comma positioned lower, on the level where any "dot below" or "comma below" would be.

U0157 ŗ LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH CEDILLA. Normally "r" with comma below. => Letter "r" with cedilla below.

U0165 ť LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH CARON. Normally "t" followed by a small apostrophe. => Letter "t" with caron above.

U01E9 ǩ LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH CARON. Normally "k" with caron above the top edge level of the ascender. => Letter "k" with caron above the wide lower part, on the right side of the ascender. The caron is a bit smaller than usual, to fit conveniently on the right side of the ascender.

U021F ȟ LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH CARON. => Normally "h" with caron above the top edge level of the ascender. => Letter "h" with caron above the wide lower part, on the right side of the ascender. The caron is a bit smaller than usual, to fit conveniently on the right side of the ascender.

U0295 ʕ LATIN LETTER PHARYNGEAL VOICED FRICATIVE. Normally looks like a horizontally reversed question mark, without the dot below. => A slightly sharper design, similar to lowercase "c" positioned higher than usual, and the line turns sharply downwards at the right bottom corner, until it reaches the basic text line.

U02B9 ʹ MODIFIER LETTER PRIME. Normally at the same level as apostrophes, slightly above the top level of uppercase letters. => Located much lower than usual, level with the top egde of latin lowercase u. For presenting some untypically low prime characters in the book "Avi" by Ittamar Ben-Avi (1927). A prime at the typical height is available at the Unicode character U2032 PRIME.

U02BE ʾ MODIFIER LETTER RIGHT HALF RING. Normally this the right half of a small ring, at the same level as apostrophes. => Hook above letter (accent mark, not a combining character).

U02BF ʿ MODIFIER LETTER LEFT HALF RING. Normally this the left half of a small ring, at the same level as apostrophes. => Horizontally reversed hook above letter (accent mark, not a combining character).

U02C1 ˁ MODIFIER LETTER REVERSED GLOTTAL STOP. Normally can look like horizontally reversed question mark without the dot below (depending on the font design). => Similar to superscript "c" (modifier letter small c), with the lower end of line bending downwards at a sharp 90 degrees angle.

U02CC ˌ MODIFIER LETTER LOW VERTICAL LINE. Normally this is a short vertical line, located below the bottom level of uppercase letters. => A four times longer vertical line, which reaches clearly above the bottom level of uppercase letters. For presenting such an untypical character in the book "Avi" by Ittamar Ben-Avi (1927). An ordinary low vertical line can be produced with the Unicode character U0329 COMBINING VERTICAL LINE BELOW and a space.

U02CE ˎ MODIFIER LETTER LOW GRAVE ACCENT. Normally this is located below the bottom level of uppercase letters. => Located much higher than usual, with its bottom edge on the bottom level of uppercase letters. Also with much less horizontal spacing around the character than is usual. For presenting low left double quotation marks in the book "Avi" by Ittamar Ben-Avi (1927), which look like two grave accent marks located at such a height.

U02CF ˏ MODIFIER LETTER LOW ACUTE ACCENT. Normally this is located below the bottom level of uppercase letters. => Located much higher than usual, with its bottom edge on the bottom level of uppercase letters. Also with much less horizontal spacing around the character than is usual. For presenting low right double quotation marks in the book "Avi" by Ittamar Ben-Avi (1927), which look like two acute accent marks located at such a height.

U02DB ˛ Non-combining OGONEK. Normally the top edge of this character is at the bottom level of uppercase letters, and the character is shaped like a hook that looks a bit similar to (but not quite identical with) LEFT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK (but located much lower). => A character identical with LEFT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK, located so that the bottom level of uppercase letters is at the middle of this character. Also with much less horizontal spacing around the character than is usual. For presenting the DOUBLE LOW-6 QUOTATION MARK in the book "Avi" by Ittamar Ben-Avi (1927), a character that is not available in the Unicode standard. An ordinary ogonek character can be produced with the Unicode character U0328 COMBINING OGONEK and a space.

U0305 ̅ COMBINING OVERLINE. Located higher than usual, to ensure that this combining character will be visible above uppercase letters. Used in native script russian text style RU-NT-D in the role of macron above uppercase letters. A combining character similar to overline, and at a typical height, is available at the Unicode character U0304 COMBINING MACRON.

U0312 ̒ COMBINING TURNED COMMA ABOVE. Located higher than usual, to ensure that this combining character will be visible above uppercase letters.

U0313 ̓ COMBINING COMMA ABOVE. Located higher than usual, to ensure that this combining character will be visible above uppercase letters. Used in native script russian text style RU-NT-D in the role of dot above uppercase letters, though visually having the shape of a comma.

U0315 ̕ COMBINING COMMA ABOVE RIGHT. Located higher than usual, to ensure that this combining character will be visible above uppercase letters.

U031C ʿ COMBINING LEFT HALF RING BELOW. Normally this the left half of a small ring, below letter. => Horizontally reversed

U0339 ʾ COMBINING RIGHT HALF RING BELOW. Normally this the right half of a small ring, below letter. => Hook below letter (accent mark, a combining character). hook below letter (accent mark, a combining character).

U034A ˜ COMBINING NOT TILDE ABOVE. Normally combining tilde above letter, with a diagonal line across the tilde. => Sickle above letter (which is: grave above left of center, and inverted breve above right of center, so that the grave and inverted breve are merged into one shape, which resembles a sickle). An accent mark, a combining character.

U034B ˜ COMBINING HOMOTHETIC ABOVE. Normally combining superscript tilde above letter, with a dot above and and below the tilde. => Horizontally reversed comma above (left of center), which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise, and inverted breve above (right of center): the reversed comma and inverted breve are merged into one shape. An accent mark, a combining character.

U034C ˆ COMBINING FERMATA. Normally combining inverted breve above letter, with a dot below the breve. => Wave above letter (which is: acute accent, and on its right side a horizontally reversed comma, which is rotated 20 ... 80 degrees anti-clockwise: the acute accent and reversed comma are merged into one shape, which resembles a wave or circumflex). An accent mark, a combining character.

U0351 ʿ COMBINING LEFT HALF RING ABOVE. Normally this the left half of a small ring, at the same level with apostrophes. => Horizontally reversed hook above letter (accent mark, a combining character).

U0386 ... Nearly all capital greek letters with diacritics: Normally the diacritics are in front of the letter. => Diacritics are above the letter (nearly always). However, when an uppercase greek letter has perisponemi and another diacritical mark, usually only the perisponemi is above the letter, and the other diacritical mark is in front of the letter.

U1D4A ᵊ MODIFIER LETTER SMALL SCHWA. Normally looks like superscript "e" rotated 180 degrees. => Positioned lower than usual, so that 1/3 of this character is above the top edge of lowercase "e". In romanized arabic represents lowercase hamzaɦ riding a yẵ.

U1D53 ᵓ MODIFIER LETTER SMALL OPEN O. Normally looks like horizontally reversed superscript "c", also known as open "o". => Positioned lower than usual, so that 1/3 of this character is above the top edge of lowercase "e". In romanized hebrew and arabic represents lowercase ạlef / ạlif as a glottal stop after a consonant.

U1D9F ᶟ MODIFIER LETTER SMALL REVERSED OPEN E. Normally looks like superscript number 3, which is upside down (flipped vertically). => Positioned lower than usual, so that 1/3 of this character is above the top edge of lowercase "e". In romanized arabic represents lowercase hamzaɦ riding a wāw.

U1DA5 ᶥ MODIFIER LETTER SMALL IOTA. Normally looks like superscript greek lowercase iota. => Drawn with the line thickness of full-size lowercase letters, not with the thin line of supersript letters. Positioned lower than usual, so that 1/3 of this character is above the top edge of lowercase "e". In romanized arabic represents lowercase neutral ạlif. In romanized russian represents lowercase soft sign.

U1E27 ḧ LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH DIAERESIS. Normally "h" with umlaut above the top edge level of the ascender. => Letter "h" with umlaut above the wide lower part, on the right side of the ascender.

U1E2A Ḫ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH BREVE BELOW. Normally "H" with breve below. => Letter "H" with caron below, to visually emphasize the roughness of pronunciation, compared to softer variants of letter "H" with various diacritics.

U1E2B ḫ LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH BREVE BELOW. => Normally "h" with breve below. => Letter "h" with caron below, to visually emphasize the roughness of pronunciation, compared to softer variants of letter "h" with various diacritics.

U1F00 ... All greek letters with accent mark psili: Normally psili is a horizontally reversed mirror image of accent mark dasia. => Psili is designed as a thin curved line without a heavier top part, to make it more clearly different from dasia in small text size.

1.3) 59 HEBREW glyphs that have noteworthy differences from their typical forms.

U05B1 : HEBREW POINT HATAF SEGOL. Normally five very small points, arranged in two rows, as a combining character below another letter. => Combining circumflex below letter.

U05B2 - HEBREW POINT HATAF PATAH. Normally a horizontal line "-" and colon ":" in very small size, as a combining character below another letter. => Combining minus (a horizontal line much shorter than macron) below letter.

U05B3 + HEBREW POINT HATAF QAMATS. Normally the lower half of plus sign "+" and colon ":" in very small size, as a combining character below another letter. => Combining small tilde (with a much smaller width than a tilde usually has) below letter.

U05B6 : HEBREW POINT SEGOL. Normally three very small points, arranged in two rows, as a combining character below another letter. => Combining caron below letter.

U05B8 + HEBREW POINT QAMATS. Normally the lower half of plus sign "+" in very small size, as a combining character below another letter. => Combining breve below letter.

U05BB : HEBREW POINT QUBUTS. Normally three very small points, which rise diagonally from left to right, as a combining character below another letter. => Combining inverted breve below letter.

U05BF - HEBREW POINT RAFE. Normally a thin macron above letter. => Inverted breve above letter.

U05C6 [ HEBREW PUNCTUATION NUN HAFUKHA. Normally a horizontally reversed hebrew letter nūn. => Hebrew letter Yod with tilde above. Can be used for transcribing latin letter J.

U05C7 + HEBREW POINT QAMATS QATAN. Normally the lower half of plus sign "+" in very small size, as a combining character below another letter. => Combining tilde below letter.

U05D1 ] HEBREW LETTER BET. => With an added inverted breve above, to indicate that the letter has "weak" pronunciation.

U05D5 I HEBREW LETTER VAV. => Always with a clear bend to the left at the upper end, also in sans-serif fonts, to indicate that the letter is being used for a consonantal "w" sound.

U05D9 ᶥ HEBREW LETTER YOD. => Always with a clear bend to the left at the upper end, also in sans-serif fonts, to indicate that the letter is being used for a consonantal "y" sound.

U05DA ɿ HEBREW LETTER FINAL KAF. => With an added inverted breve above, to indicate that the letter has "weak" pronunciation.

U05DB Ɔ HEBREW LETTER KAF. => With an added inverted breve above, to indicate that the letter has "weak" pronunciation.

U05E3 ɿ HEBREW LETTER FINAL PE. => With an added inverted breve above, to indicate that the letter has "weak" pronunciation.

U05E4 Ɔ HEBREW LETTER PE. => With an added inverted breve above, to indicate that the letter has "weak" pronunciation.

U05F0 | HEBREW LIGATURE YIDDISH DOUBLE VAV. => Always without a clear bend to the left at the upper end, not in serif fonts either.

U05F1 | HEBREW LIGATURE YIDDISH VAV YOD. => Always without a clear bend to the left at the upper end, not in serif fonts either, to indicate that the letter represents vowels without any consonantal sound involved.

U05F2 " HEBREW LIGATURE YIDDISH DOUBLE YOD. => Always without a clear bend to the left at the upper end, not in serif fonts either, to indicate that the letter represents vowels without any consonantal sound involved.

UFB1D ' HEBREW LETTER YOD WITH HIRIQ. Normally hebrew letter yōd with a small dot below. => Letter yōd without a clear bend to the left at the upper end, not in serif fonts either, to indicate that the letter represents mater lectionis yōd or yiddish vowel I, without any consonantal sound involved.

UFB1F " HEBREW LIGATURE YIDDISH YOD YOD PATAH. Normally a pair of hebrew letter yōds, with a horizontal line below. => A pair of yōd letters without a clear bend to the left at the upper end, not in serif fonts either, located clearly lower than usual, and without the horizontal line below.

UFB21 X HEBREW LETTER WIDE ALEF. => Letter ạlef in ordinary size, with an inverted breve above, to indicate that the letter carries vowel O.

UFB22 T HEBREW LETTER WIDE DALET. => Letter nūn sōfīt, with a minus sign above (a horizontal line much narrower than macron), which indicates that the letter is doubled.

UFB23 П HEBREW LETTER WIDE HE. => Letter ḩẹt in ordinary size, with a minus sign above (a horizontal line much narrower than macron), which indicates that the letter is doubled.

UFB24 Ɔ HEBREW LETTER WIDE KAF. => Letter kaf in ordinary size, with a minus sign above (a horizontal line much narrower than macron), which indicates that the letter is doubled (and has a hard pronunciation).

UFB25 7 HEBREW LETTER WIDE LAMED. => Letter pē sōfīt in ordinary size, with a minus sign above (a horizontal line much narrower than macron), which indicates that the letter is doubled (and has a hard pronunciation).

UFB26 O HEBREW LETTER WIDE FINAL MEM. => Letter mẹm sōfīt in ordinary size, with a minus sign above (a horizontal line much narrower than macron), which indicates that the letter is doubled.

UFB27 ɿ HEBREW LETTER WIDE RESH. => Letter ắyin in ordinary size, with dot above, which indicates that the letter is ġayin.

UFB28 П HEBREW LETTER WIDE TAV. => Letter wạw in ordinary size, with a minus sign above (a horizontal line much narrower than macron), which indicates that the letter is doubled. Always with a clear bend to the left at the upper end, also in sans-serif fonts, to indicate that the letter is being used for a consonantal "w" sound.

UFB2A W HEBREW LETTER SHIN WITH SHIN DOT. => Without the dot, and the middle pillar is taller than others. Represents letter šīn in a word root, which originally included archaic logical grammatical consonant ŧān instead of šīn (probably over 3000 years ago).

UFB2C W HEBREW LETTER SHIN WITH DAGESH AND SHIN DOT. => Without the dagesh, with a minus sign above (a horizontal line much narrower than macron), which indicates that the letter is doubled, and the middle pillar is taller than others. Represents doubled letter šīn in a word root, which originally included archaic logical grammatical consonant ŧān instead of šīn (probably over 3000 years ago).

UFB2D W HEBREW LETTER SHIN WITH DAGESH AND SIN DOT. => Without the dagesh, and instead with a minus sign above (a horizontal line much narrower than macron), which indicates that the letter is doubled.

UFB2E X HEBREW LETTER ALEF WITH PATAH. => Without the pattạḩ (small horizontal line below letter), and the letter is smaller than usual, to make this yiddish vowel stand out visually from among the consonants in yiddish text.

UFB2F X HEBREW LETTER ALEF WITH QAMATS. => Without the qạmạź (the lower half of a small plus sign below letter), with an inverted breve above, and the letter is smaller than usual, to make this yiddish vowel stand out visually from among the consonants in yiddish text.

UFB30 X HEBREW LETTER ALEF WITH MAPIQ. => Without the mappīq, and instead with a minus sign above (a horizontal line much narrower than macron), which indicates that the letter is doubled.

UFB31 Ɔ HEBREW LETTER BET WITH DAGESH. => Without the dagesh, to indicate that the letter has hard pronunciation, but is not doubled.

UFB32 ] HEBREW LETTER GIMEL WITH DAGESH. => Without the dagesh, and instead with a minus sign above (a horizontal line much narrower than macron), which indicates that the letter is doubled (and has a hard pronunciation).

UFB33 T HEBREW LETTER DALET WITH DAGESH. => Without the dagesh, and instead with a minus sign above (a horizontal line much narrower than macron), which indicates that the letter is doubled (and has a hard pronunciation).

UFB34 П HEBREW LETTER HE WITH MAPIQ. => Without the mappīq, and instead with a minus sign above (a horizontal line much narrower than macron), which indicates that the letter is doubled.

UFB35 I HEBREW LETTER VAV WITH DAGESH. => Without the dagesh, always without a clear bend to the left at the upper end (not in serif fonts either), and some 15 % less tall than this letter would normally be, to indicate that this is mater lectionis wạw with vowel U.

UFB36 I HEBREW LETTER ZAYIN WITH DAGESH. => Without the dagesh, and instead with a minus sign above (a horizontal line much narrower than macron), which indicates that the letter is doubled.

UFB38 U HEBREW LETTER TET WITH DAGESH. => Without the dagesh, and instead with a minus sign above (a horizontal line much narrower than macron), which indicates that the letter is doubled.

UFB39 ' HEBREW LETTER YOD WITH DAGESH. => Without the dagesh, and instead with a minus sign above (a horizontal line much narrower than macron), which indicates that the letter is doubled. Always with a clear bend to the left at the upper end, also in sans-serif fonts, to indicate that the letter is being used for a consonantal "y" sound.

UFB3A ɿ HEBREW LETTER FINAL KAF WITH DAGESH. => Without the dagesh, to indicate that the letter has hard pronunciation, but is not doubled.

UFB3B Ɔ HEBREW LETTER KAF WITH DAGESH. => Without the dagesh, to indicate that the letter has hard pronunciation, but is not doubled.

UFB3C 7 HEBREW LETTER LAMED WITH DAGESH. => Without the dagesh, and instead with a minus sign above (a horizontal line much narrower than macron), which indicates that the letter is doubled.

UFB3E M HEBREW LETTER MEM WITH DAGESH. => Without the dagesh, and instead with a minus sign above (a horizontal line much narrower than macron), which indicates that the letter is doubled.

UFB40 ] HEBREW LETTER NUN WITH DAGESH. => Without the dagesh, and instead with a minus sign above (a horizontal line much narrower than macron), which indicates that the letter is doubled.

UFB41 O HEBREW LETTER SAMEKH WITH DAGESH. => Without the dagesh, and instead with a minus sign above (a horizontal line much narrower than macron), which indicates that the letter is doubled.

UFB43 ɿ HEBREW LETTER FINAL PE WITH DAGESH. => Without the dagesh, to indicate that the letter has hard pronunciation, but is not doubled.

UFB44 Ɔ HEBREW LETTER PE WITH DAGESH. => Without the dagesh, to indicate that the letter has hard pronunciation, but is not doubled.

UFB46 X HEBREW LETTER TSADI WITH DAGESH. => Without the dagesh, and instead with a minus sign above (a horizontal line much narrower than macron), which indicates that the letter is doubled.

UFB47 Q HEBREW LETTER QOF WITH DAGESH. => Without the dagesh, and instead with a minus sign above (a horizontal line much narrower than macron), which indicates that the letter is doubled.

UFB48 ɿ HEBREW LETTER RESH WITH DAGESH. => Without the dagesh, and instead with a minus sign above (a horizontal line much narrower than macron), which indicates that the letter is doubled.

UFB49 W HEBREW LETTER SHIN WITH DAGESH. => Without the dagesh, and instead with a minus sign above (a horizontal line much narrower than macron), which indicates that the letter is doubled.

UFB4A П HEBREW LETTER TAV WITH DAGESH. => Without the dagesh, and instead with a minus sign above (a horizontal line much narrower than macron), which indicates that the letter is doubled (and has a hard pronunciation).

UFB4B I HEBREW LETTER VAV WITH HOLAM. => Without the ḩōlem (a small dot above the letter), and always without a clear bend to the left at the upper end (not in serif fonts either), to indicate that this is mater lectionis wạw with vowel O.

UFB4D Ɔ HEBREW LETTER KAF WITH RAFE. => Using the letter shape of kaf sōfīt, instead of the ordinary kaf.

UFB4F X HEBREW LIGATURE ALEF LAMED. => Letter źạdeh sōfīt, with a minus sign above (a horizontal line much narrower than macron), which indicates that the letter is doubled.

1.4) 46 ARABIC glyphs that have noteworthy differences from their typical forms.

U0610 ^ ARABIC SIGN SALLALLAHOU ALAYHE WASSALLAM. Normally looks like subscript medial șād, as a combining character directly above another letter. => Combining hamzaɦ below letter, which is reversed horizontally. Can be used instead of hamzaɦ to indicate that the vowel is E, not I.

U0611 ^ ARABIC SIGN ALAYHE ASSALLAM. Normally looks a bit like subscript initial ắyn, as a combining character directly above another letter. => Combining hamzaɦ above letter, which is reversed horizontally. Can be used instead of hamzaɦ to indicate that the vowel is U, not ambiguously A or U.

U0617 j ARABIC SMALL HIGH ZAIN. Normally arabic letter zayn in superscript size, as a combining character directly above another letter. => Combining tilde above letter, which is rotated 90 degrees clockwise. Can be used on a tatweel or space between the definite article and the next word, to indicate that the first letter of the next word is doubled.

U0624 9 ARABIC LETTER WAW WITH HAMZA ABOVE. => The tail under the loop is nearly vertical, without bending much to the left. This letter design indicates that the wāw is a vowel, without a consonantal "w" sound involved.

U0648 9 ARABIC LETTER WAW. => The tail under the loop is nearly vertical, without bending much to the left. This letter design indicates that the wāw is a mater lectionis vowel, without a consonantal "w" sound involved.

U064C o ARABIC DAMMATAN. Normally looks a bit like subscript "o" with a tail on the left side, as a combining character directly above another letter. => Combining breve above letter, which is rotated 40 degrees counter-clockwise.

U064D = ARABIC KASRATAN. Normally looks like two hyphens "=" rotated by 30 degrees counter-clockwise, as a combining character directly below another letter. => Combining two very short horizontal lines "=" above letter.

U064F o ARABIC DAMMA. Normally looks like superscript wāw rotated by 90 degrees clockwise, as a combining character directly above another letter. => Combining breve above letter.

U0650 - ARABIC KASRA. Normally looks like a hyphen "-" rotated by 30 degrees counter-clockwise, as a combining character directly below another letter. => Combining very short horizontal line "-" above letter.

U0651 ω ARABIC SHADDA. Normally looks like lowercase greek letter ōmega "ω" in superscript size (possibly rotated 30 degrees counter-clockwise), as a combining character directly above another letter. => Combining tilde above letter.

U065A v ARABIC VOWEL SIGN SMALL V ABOVE. Normally looks like superscript "v" (possibly rotated 30 degrees counter-clockwise), as a combining character directly above another letter. => Combining caron above letter.

U065B ʌ ARABIC VOWEL SIGN INVERTED SMALL V ABOVE. Normally looks like superscript "v" upside down (possibly rotated 30 degrees counter-clockwise), as a combining character directly above another letter. => Combining circumflex above letter.

U0670 | ARABIC LETTER SUPERSCRIPT ALEF. Normally looks like superscript "I", as a combining character directly above another letter. => Combining short horizontal line "-" above letter, which is rotated 30 degrees clockwise.

U0671 Ĭ ARABIC LETTER ALEF WASLA. Normally ạlif with wașlaɦ above. => Letter ạlif with horizontally reversed hamzaɦ above. Can be used instead of ạlif with hamzaɦ above, to indicate that the vowel is U, not ambiguously A or U.

U06A9 k ARABIC LETTER KEHEH. Normally looks similar to UFEDB ARABIC LETTER KAF INITIAL FORM, except the tail at the left bottom corner rises up a bit. => Similar to U0643 ARABIC LETTER KAF, with dot above. Can be used for transcribing a foreign letter that is etymologically connected to letter K, but has a sound similar to Ḫ.

U06C5 9 ARABIC LETTER KIRGHIZ OE. Normally wāw with a horizontal line at the middle of the curved tail. => Ordinary wāw, without the horizontal line. Can be used to indicate that the wāw is consonantal, not a mater lectionis vowel.

U06C6 9 ARABIC LETTER OE. Normally wāw with a small v above. => Letter wāw, whose tail under the loop is nearly vertical, without bending much to the left, and vertically inverted hamzaɦ above. This letter design indicates that the wāw is a vowel, without a consonantal "w" sound involved, and the vowel is O.

U06C7 9 ARABIC LETTER U. Normally wāw with damma (the "u" vowel symbol) above. => Letter wāw, whose tail under the loop is nearly vertical, without bending much to the left, and horizontally reversed hamzaɦ above. This letter design indicates that the wāw is a vowel, without a consonantal "w" sound involved, and the vowel is U.

U06CC ~ ARABIC LETTER FARSI YEH. Normally looks like arabic letter isolated yẵ without the two dots below. => A flatter design, which can be used to indicate mater lectionis yẵ without using the dots, and which is yet visually different from ạlif maqșūraɦ (which is a yẵ without the two dots below).

U06D4 _ ARABIC FULL STOP. Normally looks like an underscore "_", whose length varies in font designs. => An ordinary period ".", similar to the latin script.

UFB50 Ĭ ARABIC LETTER ALEF WASLA ISOLATED FORM. => The same modification as in U0671 ARABIC LETTER ALEF WASLA.

UFB51 Ĭ ARABIC LETTER ALEF WASLA FINAL FORM. => The same modification as in U0671 ARABIC LETTER ALEF WASLA.

UFB8E k ARABIC LETTER KEHEH ISOLATED FORM. Normally looks similar to UFEDB ARABIC LETTER KAF INITIAL FORM, except the tail at the left bottom corner rises up a bit. => Similar to UFED9 ARABIC LETTER KAF ISOLATED FORM, with dot above. Can be used for transcribing a foreign letter that is etymologically connected to letter K, but has a sound similar to Ḫ.

UFB8F k ARABIC LETTER KEHEH FINAL FORM. Normally looks similar to UFEDC ARABIC LETTER KAF MEDIAL FORM, except the tail at the left bottom corner rises up a bit. => Similar to UFEDA ARABIC LETTER KAF FINAL FORM, with dot above. Can be used for transcribing a foreign letter that is etymologically connected to letter K, but has a sound similar to Ḫ.

UFB90 k ARABIC LETTER KEHEH INITIAL FORM. => Add dot above the typical shape of this letter. Can be used for transcribing a foreign letter that is etymologically connected to letter K, but has a sound similar to Ḫ.

UFB91 k ARABIC LETTER KEHEH MEDIAL FORM. => Add dot above the typical shape of this letter. Can be used for transcribing a foreign letter that is etymologically connected to letter K, but has a sound similar to Ḫ.

UFBD7 9 ARABIC LETTER U ISOLATED FORM. => The same modification as in U06C7 ARABIC LETTER U.

UFBD8 9 ARABIC LETTER U FINAL FORM. => The same modification as in U06C7 ARABIC LETTER U.

UFBD9 9 ARABIC LETTER OE ISOLATED FORM. => The same modification as in U06C6 ARABIC LETTER OE.

UFBDA 9 ARABIC LETTER OE FINAL FORM. => The same modification as in U06C6 ARABIC LETTER OE.

UFBE0 9 ARABIC LETTER KIRGHIZ OE ISOLATED FORM. => The same modification as in U06C5 ARABIC LETTER KIRGHIZ OE.

UFBE1 9 ARABIC LETTER KIRGHIZ OE FINAL FORM. => The same modification as in U06C5 ARABIC LETTER KIRGHIZ OE.

UFBFC ~ ARABIC LETTER FARSI YEH ISOLATED FORM. => The same modification as in U06CC ARABIC LETTER FARSI YEH.

UFBFD ~ ARABIC LETTER FARSI YEH FINAL FORM. => The same modification as in U06CC ARABIC LETTER FARSI YEH.

UFBFE j ARABIC LETTER FARSI YEH INITIAL FORM. Normally similar to arabic letter yẵ initial form, with two dots below. => Use a macron below, instead of two dots. Can be used to indicate mater lectionis yẵ, without a consonantal "y" sound involved.

UFBFF i ARABIC LETTER FARSI YEH MEDIAL FORM. => The same modification as in UFBFE ARABIC LETTER FARSI YEH INITIAL FORM.

UFC5E = ARABIC LIGATURE SHADDA WITH DAMMATAN ISOLATED FORM. => The same modifications as in U0651 ARABIC SHADDA and U064C ARABIC DAMMATAN.

UFC5F = ARABIC LIGATURE SHADDA WITH KASRATAN ISOLATED FORM. => The same modifications as in U0651 ARABIC SHADDA and U064D ARABIC KASRATAN.

UFC60 = ARABIC LIGATURE SHADDA WITH FATHA ISOLATED FORM. => The same modification as in U0651 ARABIC SHADDA.

UFC61 = ARABIC LIGATURE SHADDA WITH DAMMA ISOLATED FORM. => The same modifications as in U0651 ARABIC SHADDA and U064F ARABIC DAMMA.

UFC62 = ARABIC LIGATURE SHADDA WITH KASRA ISOLATED FORM. => The same modifications as in U0651 ARABIC SHADDA and U0650 ARABIC KASRA.

UFC63 = ARABIC LIGATURE SHADDA WITH SUPERSCRIPT ALEF ISOLATED FORM. => The same modifications as in U0651 ARABIC SHADDA and U0670 ARABIC LETTER SUPERSCRIPT ALEF.

UFE85 9 ARABIC LETTER WAW WITH HAMZA ABOVE ISOLATED FORM. => The same modifications as in U0624 ARABIC LETTER WAW WITH HAMZA ABOVE.

UFE86 9 ARABIC LETTER WAW WITH HAMZA ABOVE FINAL FORM. => The same modifications as in U0624 ARABIC LETTER WAW WITH HAMZA ABOVE.

UFEED 9 ARABIC LETTER WAW ISOLATED FORM. => The same modifications as in U0648 ARABIC LETTER WAW.

UFEEE 9 ARABIC LETTER WAW FINAL FORM. => The same modifications as in U0648 ARABIC LETTER WAW.